10A: makore makumi maviri nemashanu eChibvumirano cheChishanu chakanaka

The Good Friday Agreement, inozivikanwawo seBelfast Agreement kana Northern Ireland Peace Agreement, yakasainwa pazuva iri makore 25 apfuura, pana April 10, 1998, uye yakagumisa makumi matatu emakore ehondo munharaunda yacho, kurwisana kwakasiya vanopfuura 3.500 XNUMX vafa uye zviuru zvakakuvadzwa.

Kurwisana muNorthern Ireland kunotangira shure kupatsanurwa kweIreland muna 1921, apo voruzhinji vechiPurotesitendi kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwechitsuwa vakasarudza kuramba vari rutivi rweUnited Kingdom, nepo voruzhinji vechiKaturike murutivi rwasara rwenyika yacho vakawana rusununguko seRepublic of Ireland. Iyi kupatsanurwa kwezvematongerwo enyika kwakashandurirwa mumakakatanwa nemhirizhonga kuchamhembe kweIreland, uko vanhu vechiKatorike (venyika) nevechiPurotesitendi (vanobatanidzwa) vaigara mukupokana uye rusarura.

Muma1960, mamiriro acho ezvinhu akawedzera kuipa, nekuwedzera rusaruro nechisimba munzanga yeKaturike kubudikidza Mapoka emapurisa echiPurotesitendi, seUlster Volunteer Force (UVF) neUlster Defence Force (UDF). Kune rumwe rutivi, Mapoka emauto echiKaturike, kufanana neIrish Republican Army (IRA), yakatanga nhimbe yougandanga nehondo dzemagandanga mukurwisana nenzanga yechiPurotesitendi kuti iwane kubatana kweIreland.

Kurwisana kwakawedzera mukati me70s uye 80s, ne mabhomba, kuuraya uye kurwisana kwakasimba kwakabata vanhuwo zvavo uye kwakakonzera kurwadziwa nekutambura kumativi ose.. Hurumende dzeBritain neIrish dzakaedza zvisina kubudirira kugadzirisa gakava iri kuburikidza nenhaurirano uye zvibvumirano zvezvematongerwo enyika, ukuwo mauto eBritish akawedzera kuvepo kwawo kuchamhembe kweIreland kurwisa mhirizhonga.

Nekudaro, muma1990, hurukuro dzerunyararo dzakatanga kuumbwa, uye Chibvumirano cheGood Friday Yakanga iri muuyo wemakore ekurukurirano dzakasimba nokubvumirana zvakaoma kune vose vanobatanidzwa.

Chibvumirano, icho chine mapeji anopfuura makumi matanhatu, chinogadza nhevedzano ye matanho ekuona runyararo nekugadzikana muNorthern Ireland. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Kusikwa kwe hurumende inozvitonga muNorthern Ireland, ine masimba akagoverana pakati pemapato ezvamatongerwe enyika anomirira nzanga dzeKaturike nePurotesitendi.
• Mutemo wekuti Northern Ireland irambe iri chikamu cheUnited Kingdom kunze kwekunge ruzhinji rwevagari vemudunhu vavhota vachitsigira kubatana neRepublic of Ireland.
• La demilitarization kubva munzvimbo iyi, nekubviswa zvishoma nezvishoma kwemauto eBritish uye kubviswa kwenzvimbo dzekuchengetedza uye nzvimbo dzekutarisa mumigwagwa.
• Kusunungurwa kwevasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika, kubva kuIRA nemapoka emapurisa echiPurotesitendi, sechiratidzo chekuda uye kuyananiswa.
• Kusikwa kwe komisheni yakazvimirira kuongorora nyaya dzevanhu vakashaika panguva yekunetsana, uye kuitwa kwechirongwa chekucherechedzwa kwevakabatwa.

Pamusoro pezvo, chibvumirano chakataura chakasimbisa akati wandei maitiro ekuyedza kudzivirira kudzoka kwehondo, iyo yakafukidza nzvimbo dzakasiyana:

1. Kusikwa kwehurumende inozvitonga yeNorthern Ireland: Hurumende inozvitonga yakaumbwa kuNorthern Ireland, inoumbwa nevamiriri vemapato ezvematongerwo enyika edunhu racho.
2. Kuchinja kwemapurisa: Komisheni yakazvimirira yakagadzwa kuti itarise shanduko yeUlster Constabulary (PSNI), nechinangwa chekuita kuti ive yakabatana uye inomiririra nharaunda yakakura.
3. Kubviswa kwerusarura: Komisheni yeEquality yakatangwa kuti igadzirise rusarura mumabasa, dzimba nedzimwe nzvimbo. Pamusoro pezvo, Komisheni Yekodzero Dzevanhu yakagadzwa kuchengetedza nekusimudzira kodzero dzevanhu muNorthern Ireland.
4. Kubvisa zvombo zvemapoka emauto: Kwakabvumiranwa kuti mapoka emauto anofanira kupa zvombo zvawo uye orega kuita zvechisimba. Komisheni Yakazvimirira Yokubvisa Zvombo yakaumbwa kuti itarise hurongwa uhu.
5. Kuparadzaniswa kwechikoro: Yakabvumirana kugadzirisa kusarura muzvikoro zveNorthern Ireland uye kukurudzira kubatanidzwa kwevanhu.
6. Kusunungurwa kwevasungwa: Kusunungurwa kwevasungwa kune chekuita nekukonana kwakabvumiranwa, chero bedzi vaisangana nemimwe migariro uye isingaratidzi kutyisidzira kuchengetedzwa.
7. North-South Relations: Yakabvumirana kusimbisa hukama pakati peNorthern Ireland neRepublic of Ireland, kusanganisira kuumbwa kweNorth-South Ministerial Council.
8. Kumabvazuva-kumadokero hukama: Yakabvumirana kusimudzira hukama pakati peNorthern Ireland nedzimwe nyika dzeUnited Kingdom, kusanganisira kuumbwa kweEast-West Ministerial Council.

Chibvumirano cheGood Friday chakapembererwa zvakanyanya sebudiriro yenhoroondo, iyo yakagumisa makumi matatu emakore echisimba muNorthern Ireland. Zvakadaro, hurongwa hwekuita chibvumirano hwaive husiri nyore uye hwaive husina zvipingamupinyi nematambudziko.

Rimwe rematambudziko makuru raive chokwadi chekuti mamwe mapoka emauto, kunyanya IRA, haana kuramba zvachose mhirizhonga pakarepo. Uyezve, kwaivapo makakatanwa nemakakatanwa pakati pemapato ezvematongerwo enyika mukutonga kwemusha, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuita matanho anokosha, akadai sekugadzirisa mapurisa uye kuderedza kusarura muzvikoro.

Kunyangwe zvipingamupinyi izvi, chibvumirano chakamira muyedzo wenguva uye chakabatsira zvikuru mukuvandudzwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu muNorthern Ireland. Kubva pakasainwa chibvumirano, kwave nekuderera kukuru kwemhirizhonga uye kuparwa kwemhosva zvine chekuita nekukonana, uye kwave nekuwedzera kwekudyara uye kushanya mudunhu.

Chibvumirano cheGood Friday chakakanganisawo zvakanyanya zvematongerwo enyika nekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika. Yakashanda semuenzaniso kune dzimwe kurwisanas kutenderera pasirese, uye yakaratidza kuti kutaurirana uye kubvumirana zvinogoneka, kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma.

Nharaunda iri kuchinja nguva dzose

North Ireland yakaita chinjo huru muchikamu chino chezana ramakore. Mumakore achangopfuura Chiverengero chavagari veKaturike chave chichiwedzera uye yaizotopfuura maPurotesitendi.

Uyezve, Sinn Féin (Irish republicanism uye nationalism, inoonekwa sebato rezvematongerwo enyika rinofambisa zvinodiwa neIRA kuburikidza nenzira dzedemocracy) yakawana kuwedzera kukuru kwerutsigiro rwayo, ichiva. simba rekutanga musarudzo dzapfuura uye akasangana nekuvharwa kwevamiriri vemubatanidzwa mukuumbwa kwemutungamiriri akagadzikana.

Sarudzo dzesarudzo dzinotevera dzinonongedzera kukunda kutsva kwevenyika, iyo bloc yavo iri kufambira mberi asi iri padyo neiyo yemubatanidzwa.

Vimbiso yaSinn Féin kuna kuita referendamu yekubatanazve Mumakore anotevera inomiririra dambudziko mune zvematongerwo enyika, sezvo inogona kuwedzera kunetsa hukama hwakaoma pakati pemapoka maviri. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti nekuwedzera kwevaKatorike pamwe chete nemamiriro ezvinhu epashure peBrexit, mumakore mashoma chinzvimbo ichi chinogona kuva ruzhinji uye kutungamirira kuedza kuparadzanisa United Kingdom.

Sarudzo dzakabvunza nezvenyaya iyi dzakaratidza rutsigiro rwuri kukura rwekubatana, kunyanya pakati pevechidiki.

Northern Ireland pasina mubvunzo icharamba iri imwe yenzvimbo dzine mhirizhonga dzezvematongerwo enyika mumakumi emakore anotevera.

Makafarira chinyorwa here? Titsigire, iva mutsigiri.