Kuparara kwa1929 nemigumisiro yaro yakatevera

Munguva dzino dzekuvharirwa, izvo sezvaunoziva zvichagara kusvika angangoita Kubvumbi 12, vazhinji vari kushamisika (tiri kushamisika) Inyika ipi yatichazviwana pachedu pakupera kwemamiriro ehutano akakomba ayo, zvinosuruvarisa, isu taifanira kurarama mazviri?.

Ehe, chinonyanya kukosha pari zvino chinofanira kunge chiri chekumisa kusimuka kweiyo yakakurumbira curve, edza kudzikisa kukanganisa kweCCIDID-19 uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti huwandu hwerufu hwakaderera sezvinobvira. Uye kana huwandu hwevanhu vane hutachiona hwadzorwa, uye isu tinotanga kusimudza kuvharirwa, Tichafanira kurwa imwe hondo, panguva ino yehupfumi nemagariro evanhu, iyo ichave yakaoma seyokutanga..

Kuparara kwa1929: iyo butterfly mhedzisiro yakakonzera kudonha kwehurongwa hwemari

En 1929 Paive nenhevedzano ye kudonha kwakanyanya mumusika wemasheya weUnited States uyo wakaguma mune inonzi 'Black Chipiri'., zuva iro zvikwata zveWall Street zvakapfuura kubva kune rumwe ruoko kuenda kune rumwe pakati pekuvhunduka kwakasimba, uye izvo zvakakonzera kurasikirwa kwakanyanya mukukosha kwezvikamu zvakakonzera kubhuroka kwechikamu chikuru chevadiki uye vepakati vatengesi. , zvichikonzera domino effect iyo yakakanganisawo mapotfolio makuru.

Kudonha kwemusika wemasheya weUS kwakonzera kutya kwenyika dzese, sezvo nyika dzakaita seGermany dzainyanya kutsamira pamari kubva kuUSA, uye mafungu ekutya kwekudyara kwakaitwa hafu yezvivimbiso zvemari zvenyika yakaderera, nepo vatengesi vaive nechikwereti vakasiya uye havana kupinza muhurongwa nekutya kurasikirwa nayo.

Mumwedzi mishoma, Iyo 'butterfly effect' yakakonzerwa zvakanyanya nekusakwanisa kwemabhanga eAmerica kutarisana nedambudziko uye kupa chikwereti kuvagari vayo, zvakaita kuti Europe nechikamu chenyika zvidhonzerwe pasi. yakanangana nemamiriro emari asina kusimba seyeNorth America, ichiisa hurongwa hwayo hwemari, hwezvematongerwo enyika uye hwemagariro panjodzi.

Nyika zhinji dzakaita seFrance, idzo kubhengi kwainyanya kutsamira pachiyero chegoridhe, dzaifanira kusarudza pakati pekuideredza nekushandura paradigm. (pamwe nekurasikirwa kukuru kwehupfumi kwayaisanganisira) kana kutsungirira uye edza kukunda mamiriro acho uchichengetedza nzvimbo dzako.

Migumisiro yekuparara kwehupfumi hwenyika

Mwedzi yakati mushure mekuparara kwemusika wemari, mamiriro ehupfumi akanga atove akaoma munzvimbo dzakawanda dzepasi. Simba rekutenga revagari rakadonha zvakanyanya, nepo GDP yenyika yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya., iyo yakaguma yatungamirira kune varombo Zvitanho izvo zvaisakwanisa kupa rubatsiro rwehupfumi-social kuvanhu vavo.

Zvikwereti hazvina kuyerera, nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemari uye midziyo yaizoitsigira, saka Makambani mazhinji aifanira kuvhara izvo zvakaita kuti vanhu vakawanda varasikirwe nemabasa. uye kusiiwa pasina kubatsirwa neNyika dzakurirwa.

Mamiriro emagariro evanhu akave asina kugadzikana kune vakawanda, uye Kuora mwoyo kwakapararira pakati pevagari vemo munenge pamwero wakafanana nourombo. Kupinda kwevanhu munyika kwakawedzera zvakanyanya nekuda kwekutiza kwevagari vedzimwe nyika kune dzimwe dzine tarisiro dziri nani.


Chikwereti, zvose mukati nekunze, uye inflation (zvichikonzerwa nekuwanda kwekupa uye kudiwa kwakaderera), zvakabatsira kuita kuti mamiriro acho atonyanya kuipa.

Kusimuka kwezvikara seNazism, uye Hondo Yenyika II

Delicate situation kuti mamirioni evagari vaigara, kunyanya munyika dzinovimba neUnited States senge Germany, akaita mafambiro ayo kukunda kwaakaita kusvika panguva iyoyo kwaiita sekusingafungidziriki kusimuka sefuro, seNazism. Hitler akatora mukana wemamiriro ehupfumi kuti akurudzire moto wekutsamwa uko maGerman ainzwa maererano nekutsiva kwaifanira kutorwa nenyika mushure mekupera kweHondo Yenyika I.

Vagari vazhinji, vakasuwa, vakanamatira kune meseji inokurudzira dziviriro yenyika kubva "kupindirwa nekunze" uye vakapomera mamiriro avo ehupfumi nemagariro kune avo kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika vaive vabatsiri vavo. Hurukuro dzakapinza hasha dzavanhu muruvengo nokukurumidza dzakapararira pakati pavanhu., uye kukunda kwake kwakaita kuti Hitler atore simba, izvo zvaizotungamirira kukuzivisa kwehondo iyo yaizopedzisira yawana chiyero chepasi rose.

Hondo Yenyika, yechipiri, iyo makore gumi mushure mekuparara kwemusika wemasheya, yakaparadza hafu yenyika uye migumisiro yayo, zvinosuruvarisa, inozivikanwa kwatiri tose. Mamiriyoni evanhu akafa uye akapondwa pamusana poruvengo.

Zvese zvinobuda: iyo 'Roosevelt chirongwa' uye inotevera 'Marshall chirongwa'

Tichifunga nezvemamiriro akatetepa ayo United States of America yaipfuura, Mutungamiri Roosevelt vakaronga uye vakatanga chirongwa chekuvhundutsa kuedza kumutsiridza hupfumi hwayo.

Pakati pa1933 na1938, Roosevelt akaita "Chibvumirano Chitsva" chake chakawedzera dziviriro munharaunda yeNorth America, kuita shanduko yemisika yemari uye kumutsiridza hupfumi uku uchidzivirira zvikamu zvakanyanya munjodzi dzevanhu.

Roosevelt's akasiyana mabhatiri ematanho akabatanidzwa shanduko huru dzakasiyana sekuvandudzwa kwehurongwa hwemari, zvirongwa zvekugadzira nekusimudzira mabasa, kusimudzirwa kwemabasa ekurima, kudyara kukuru neHurumende muzvirongwa zvakasiyana zvemari yeruzhinji, mitemo yekuchengetedzwa kwemubatanidzwa, kusimudzirwa kweSocial Security, nezvimwe.

Zvose zvine mari, uye munyaya iyi kwaiva kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwevanhu, chimwe chinhu icho Hondo Yenyika II yakadzikira nokubatanidza upfumi hwenyika.

Makore akati gare gare, pakupera kweHondo, nyika dzeEurope dzakakumbira rubatsiro kubva kune imwezve US yakadzorerwa kuti iwane mari yekuvakwazve kweNyika dzakanga dzaparadzwa mushure memakore ekurwisana.

Iyo inonzi 'Marshall Plan' yaisanganisira mari yakakura neUS muEurope, inodarika mabhiriyoni gumi nemana emadhora., kuvakazve nyika dzeEurope dzakaparadzwa, nechinangwa chekuvandudza indasitiri yeEurope uye kumutsiridza kutengeserana nedzimwe nyika.

Mhedzisiro ye'Marshall plan' yakakurukurwa zvakanyanya nenyanzvi, yakakamurwa pakati avo vanotenda kuti kuvonga kwaari hupfumi hweEurope hwakasangana nekukura kwakanyanya munhoroondo yayo, uye avo vanotenda kuti izvi zvanga zvichitoitika kare. kuchikumbiro chako. Chokwadi ndechekuti kuchinjika kwakashandiswa mumitemo yehuori yaizoshandiswa yakabatsira kuve nekukwira kwecommunism mukondinendi yekare, ichipa kugadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika kuHurumende dzenyika dzakasiyana dzichipesana neUSSR bloc.

COVID-19: nzvimbo isingafungidzirwe

Nyika yatinoziva mazuva ano hainei nechokuita neiyo yemakore anoda kusvika 100 apfuura. Asi dambudziko rehutano pasi rose ratiri kusangana naro mavhiki ano rinoyeuchidza nezvedambudziko rezvemari rekuparara kwe'29, kunyanya nekuda kwemhedzisiro inogona kukonzerwa nekuvharwa kwenyika uye kudonha kwemisika yadzo.

Asi Pachiitiko ichi, mamiriro ekunze akasiyana zvakanyanya. China, iyo nyika yekutanga kukanganiswa, yakakwanisa kukunda kukanganisa kwayo uye kumisa dambudziko rehutano. Uyewo, nyika dzokuMadokero zvino dziri kurwisana kuti dziedze kuikurira, pamutengo wokumisa zvikurukuru mibato yadzo yezvibereko.

Mamiriro ezvinhu aya chikamu cheiyo kusvika zvino yaive 'hondo yekutengeserana' pakati pemasimba maviri epasirese: iyo US neChina, idzo dziri kuyedza kuzvisimbisa pakutungamira kwenyika uye kutora nzvimbo yeumwe neumwe.

Misika yemasheya kutenderera pasirese inodonha zvakanyanya, uye ERTEs inowedzera vasinganzwisisi miganhu, zvichisiya mazana ezviuru zvevashandi vasina mabasa mumazuva mashomanene.

Tariro hurusa yevatungamiriri venyika panguva ino ndeye kugona kubata dambudziko rehutano nekukurumidza sezvinobvira kuyedza kupora kwakaita V, tichifunga kuti kuchava nekudonha kwehupfumi kwakangoerekana kwaitika asi tichivimba kuti ichava yenguva pfupi uye kuunza rebound effect iyo ichaita kuti tibude mairi nokukurumidza.

Chokwadi ndechokuti Kukura kwedambudziko iri, nhasi, hazvifungidzike. Tinogona kunge takatarisana nemamiriro enguva pfupi uye tozvikunda mumwedzi mishoma, kana isu tingave tichisangana nedambudziko rakakura kwazvo munhoroondo nemhedzisiro yakaipisisa kupfuura ye1929.

Zvirongwa zvekusimudzira hupfumi; matanho ekuchengetedza mari kune vanhu, vanozvishandira, maSME nemakambani makuru; chikwereti kana kukanganwirwa mutero; social aid; zvimwe zvacho zviyero izvo hurumende dzechiratidzo chimwe kana chimwe dzichafanira kutora uye izvo zvichaedza kuramba kwedu uye kugona kukunda.

Uye kana zvatiri kusangana nazvo nhasi ihondo, mamiriro anotevera achave ehondo yepashure pehondo, uye achada zvirongwa zvekuda uye vatariri pakukwirira kwemamiriro ezvinhu anoshamisa. Dzichava nguva dzakaoma, asi kana isu takadzidza kubva kare ndizvo Kunyangwe munguva dzakaipisisa, vanhu vanoziva kukunda.