Isu tinorangarira - iyo Paris Commune

Iyo Paris Commune chaive chiitiko chakakosha chezvematongerwo enyika nemagariro munhoroondo yeFrance nenyika yakasara. Kwemazuva 72 muna 1871, guta reParis rakanga richidzorwa nomunhu aizviti “Komuneti.”, iyo yakatsvaka kugadza rudzi rwehurumende yegutsaruzhinji neyegutsaruzhinji. Kunyangwe iyo Commune yeParis yakapwanyika nemauto ehurumende yeFrance, nhaka yayo uye kukanganisa kwayo nhoroondo yezvematongerwo enyika nemagariro eFrance nepasirese zvinoramba zvakakosha.

Background

The Paris Commune yakanga iri mugumisiro wenhevedzano yezviitiko zvakanga zvave zvichiitwa kwemakore. France yakanga yatongwa nehumambo kusvika 1848, apo Chimurenga chaFebruary chakapidigura Mambo Louis Philippe ndokugadzira republic. Nekudaro, iyo republic haina kugara kwenguva refu uye Muna 1851, Louis Napoleon Bonaparte akazvitora uye akava mambo mutsva weFrance..

Munguva yekutonga kwaNapoleon III, Paris yakava nechinjo dzakati wandei dzakakosha. Guta racho rakagadziridzwa uye rakagadziridzwa, riine zvivakwa zvitsva uye nzira huru dzakavandudza kutenderera uye traffic. Zvisinei, Kuvandudzwa kwemazuva ano kwakaunzawo gentrification uye kudzingwa kwevarombo zvikuru vagari kubva muguta. Vakawanda vavo vaigara mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma uye vaishanda mumafekitari akashandisa basa ravo.

Muna 1870, France yakabatanidzwa hondo nePrussia. Hurumende yeFrance yakakundwa uye Paris yakakombwa kwemwedzi yakati wandei. Munguva yekukombwa, guta rakatambura zvakanyanya uye mukuru akamanikidzwa kusaina chibvumirano chinonyadzisa icho chakadyira France mari yakawanda nenzvimbo. VaParisi vakafunga kuti vakanga vatengeswa nehurumende yavo uye, panzvimbo pokukanda mapfumo pasi, vakaronga ndokuumba Paris Commune.

The Paris Commune

The Paris Commune Yakavambwa munaKurume 18, 1871, apo vanhu vokuParis vakarwisa hurumende yeFrance. Iyo Commune yaive mubatanidzwa wevashandi, masoja uye mamwe masekete enzanga aitsvaga kumisa hurumende yegutsaruzhinji uye yesocialist muParis. Commune yaitungamirwa nedare rinotonga rakasarudzwa nedemocracy uye rakanangana nekuita shanduko dzakasimba dzemagariro nezvematongerwo enyika, senge. kubviswa kwemauto akamira, kuita nyika nemafekitari nyika, uye kusikwa kwedzidzo yemahara, yenyika..

Commune yaizivikanwawo nerutsigiro rwayo rwekuenzana kwevakadzi nekusununguka kwevakadzi. Vakadzi vakapinda muCommune nesimba uye vakaumba boka ravo rezvematongerwo enyika, Women's Association for the Defense of Paris uye Care of the Wounded. Commune yakagadzirawo kireshi uye zvikoro zvevanasikana vevashandi, zvichibvumira vakadzi kushanda kunze kwemba.

Commune yaivewo kuyedza mune yakananga uye inobatanidzwa demokrasi. Vagari veParis vakava nemukana wekutora chikamu mukuita sarudzo dzezvematongerwo enyika kuburikidza nemagungano akakurumbira uye makomiti emunharaunda. Commune yakagadzirawo mutori wenhau wakasununguka uye wakavhurika waibvumira nhaurirano dzezvematongerwo enyika uye gakava muguta.

Nekudaro, iyo Paris Commune yakatarisanawo nezvipingamupinyi zvakawanda nematambudziko. Hurumende yeFrance yakanga isingadi kubvuma rusununguko rweParis uye yakasarudza kudzorera guta racho nechisimba. Musi waMay 21, 1871, mauto ehurumende yeFrance akakomba guta racho ndokutanga kuribhomba.. Paris Commune yakaramba kwemazuva, asi pakupedzisira yakakundwa musi waMay 28, 1871. Dzvinyiriro yakatevera yakanga iri youtsinye: zviuru zvevagari vemo vakaurayiwa. sumarkana kusungwa, uye guta rikapambwa rikaparadzwa.

Mushure mekudonha kwayo, hurumende yeFrance yakazvipira kuvaka patsva nekuvandudza guta. Zvivakwa zvitsva zvakavakwa, kusanganisira Opera Garnier uye Eiffel Tower, yaizova mifananidzo yeguta. Infrastructure yakagadziridzwa, nekugadzirwa kwenzira itsva uye boulevards, uye masangano ekufambisa kwevanhu akawedzerwa.

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