[Yakakosha] Al Hoceima: kudzvinyirirwa kweMoroccan pamberi pe'Berber spring'.

Kare makore manomwe kubva pakutanga kweArab Spring muTunisia, apo kuzviuraya kwemushambadzi mushure mekunge mapurisa atora zvinhu zvake nenhumbi dzake kwakakonzera kuratidzira kwakawanda kwevanhu venyika dzeArab dzekuNorth Africa nePersian Gulf vachipokana nekudzvinyirirwa kwehurumende dzavo nevatungamiriri vavo.

Kusagadzikana uku kwakakura zvisina kuenzana munyika dzakasiyana uko kwakaitika kuratidzira, zvichikonzera kuvandudzwa kwehutungamiri, kudonha kwehurumende uye kuvhurwa kwehurumende kune dzimwe nyika dzekumadokero, asiwo nekupidigura kwevatungamiri zvakakonzera kutanga kwehondo dzakawanda dzevagari vemo.

Chitubu cheArab chakasvika kunyika yakavakidzana nayo Morocco zvakanyanya muna Kukadzi 2011 mushure mekupomhodzwa kwevechidiki vakati wandei sekuratidzira kupikisa kusaenzana kwevanhu (kunyangwe chiri chokwadi kuti kare muna 2010 kwaive nekuratidzira kwakasimba munharaunda yeWestern Sahara kwakaguma nekupokana kwakashata nevakuru veMoroccan vakakwanisa kuvamisa. nekudzvinyirirwa kwakasimba). Pachiitiko ichi mambo weMorocco, Mohamed VI akazivisa shanduko yebumbiro kunyaradza kuratidzira uku nekuunganidza chikamu chezvavaida, izvo zvakadzikamisa zvinhu.

Asi kure nekugara munzvimbo yerunyararo, mumwedzi ichangopfuura Humambo hweMoroccan hwave kutarisana nekukakavadzana kutsva kunotyisidzira kukanganisa chinzvimbo chenyika munhandare yepasirese pamwe nekukanganisa mufananidzo waMambo wayo: mhirizhonga yeRif nekuratidzira muAl Hoceima.

Kuti tinzwisise kwakabva kukakavadzana pakati peHurumende yeRabat neRif, tinofanira kudzokera pakati pezana remakore rapfuura uye titarise nhoroondo yaro yazvino, pamwe nekusimbisa dhata dzakasiyana dzenzvimbo, dzezvematongerwo enyika uye dzekutonga dzinoita izvi. ndima kunyanya ine nharo.

The Rif inzvimbo huru inotambanukira kumhenderekedzo yekuchamhembe kweMorocco. kubva kuYebala kusvika kumuganhu neAlgeria, inosanganisira nzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzehutongi hweSpain senge guta rinozvitonga reMelilla kana Dombo reAlhucemas.

Nehuwandu hwevanhu vazhinji berber, vazhinji vevagari varo ndeveboka iri uye vanochengeta Riffian Tarifit somutauro wavo waamai, unowanikwa pamwe chete nechiArabic uye, pamwero muduku, chiFrench nechiSpanish.

Nenzvimbo inosanganisira matunhu matanhatu (Taza, Berkane, Driouch, Oujda, Nador neAl Hoceima) uye nekudaro inosanganisira mataundi akaita seAl Hoceima, Melilla kana Nador.

Administratively Muhafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rapfuura Rif yanga iri pasi peSpanish kudzivirira zvakabatana neidi rokuti chikamu chevagari vemo chakabva mukudzingwa kwevaMuslim kwakaitwa muIberian Peninsula munguva yekutonga kweManarch eKaturike.

Chaive chikamu chekudzivirira kusvika pakusununguka kweMoroccan muna 1956, kunyangwe huwandu hweRiff hwagara huchiratidza. chimiro chakasimba chakazvimirira uye yakarwa neSpain neMorocco kuti iwane rusununguko rwayo.

Pakati pa1911 na1921 kugadzwa munzvimbo yeSpanish Protectorate kwakakonzera kumukira kwaRiffian kwakati kwakatungamira kuhondo pakati pehuwandu hweBerber nemauto eSpain, zvichitungamira kuziviswa kwehondo. Rif Republic muna 1921 mushure mekukundwa kwevaSpanish mune inodaidzwa kuti Annual Disaster.

Iyi Republic yaisanganisira dunhu riri pakati peTetouan neNador, richitanga guta rayo muAxdir, kunyangwe yakagara kwemakore mashanu kusvika muna 1926 mauto eSpain akaiparadza mushure mekukunda maRifian mune yainzi Alhucemas Landing.

Muna 1956, mushure mekusununguka kweMorocco, Spain yakasaina rusununguko rweRif ndokuva chikamu cheMoroccan State itsva, kunyange zvakadaro. Kubva panguva yekutanga matunhu eRif akabviswa kubva kuMoroccan hupenyu hwezvematongerwo enyika. Nekuda kwezviitiko izvi, muna 1958 vaRifi vakamukira zvakare, panguva ino vachirwisa Morocco, asi Mambo Hassan II akaraira mauto ake kuti amise kumukira uku, kwakaguma nezviuru zvisere zvevanhu vakafa kudivi reBerber.

Kubva panguva iyoyo Hurumende yeRabat yakafunga kuparadzanisa Rif mune hupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika uye pachena, sezvaakabvisa zvese zvinongedzo kutsika dzeBerber nechinangwa chekuti, munguva yepakati, kupedza chido chenzvimbo yekuzvimirira. Zvichienderana neizvi, Rabat akasarudza dzvanyirira nehasha chero kapi kekupikisa muRif, uye kumanikidzwa kuti Spain haina kupa izwi kune Berber vagari veMelilla.

Pakupera kwe80s iyo PSOE yakasarudza kupa Chizvarwa cheSpanish kune vapoteri veRif vanogara muMelilla Uye kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, vazhinji vavo vakagara mupeninsula uye vakarwira kuchengetedza tsika yavo yeBerber vachipa izwi kune zvaidiwa naRiffian pamwe nekudzvinyirirwa uko vamwe vavo vaive pasi. Vazhinji vavo vakaratidza kufarira kwavo kubatanidza matunhu ese ari mukati meRif, kusanganisira guta reMelilla.

Mushure mekusvika kusimba raMohamed VI, matanho anopesana neRifian akatanga kusimudzwa, kunyangwe chiri chokwadi kuti. Muna 2008 akasarudza kurambidza bato guru rezvematongerwo enyika reBerber izvo zvakashatirisa vaRifi.

Asi kupokana kukuru kwazvino neAl Hoceima kwakabva mukati Gumiguru 2016 apo mutengesi wehove akatsikirirwa kusvika afa nerori remarara apo achiedza kudzorera zvinhu izvo mapurisa eMoroccan akanga amutorera.ado, izvo zvakakonzera kuratidzira kukuru mudunhu reRif uye mune imwe nzvimbo yeMorocco mune chimwe chinhu chaionekwa sechiratidzo chekusuwa kwevanhu veRif nekuda kwemamiriro ehupfumi akashata mavakagara kweinopfuura hafu. zana remakore.

Kubva panguva iyoyo, kuratidzira muAl Hoceima hakuna kumira, uye kunyangwe Hurumende yeRabat yakatanga yaona kuratidzira uku sekumukira kunosimudzirwa nezvido zvekunze, Mwedzi mishoma yapfuura akabvuma kuti zvikumbiro zveRif Popular Movement zvaive zvine musoro uye akavimbisa kukurumidza kudyara. kuvaka zvipatara, mayunivhesiti nekuvandudza zvivakwa zvenzvimbo iyi zvisisashandiswe.

Kure nekuvimba nemashoko emambo wavo, muAl Hoceima kuratidzira kwakaenderera mberi izvo Rabhat akaita nekuraira kusungwa muna Chivabvu kwemutungamiri mukuru weMovement, Nasser Zefzafi, uyo parizvino ari musungwa muCasablanca pamwe chete nevamwe 100 vatori vechikamu cheProtest Movement vakasungwawo.

Parizvino vagari veAl Hoceima vanogara muguta rakakomberedzwa nemapurisa emhirizhonga yeMoroccan, kunyange hazvo kashoma kuona zuva risati ranyorwa kumwe kuratidzira, kuratidzira kana kumukirana. Kushandiswa kwehutsi hunokachidza kwemaawa vachipikisa varatidziri pamwe nekusungwa kwevatori venhau vakawanda vainyora nezvemhirizhonga iyi vachinzi 'vakurudzira kupinda mukuratidzira' kwawedzera huni mumoto.

Mumazuva achangopfuura, nyika yeMoroccan yakawedzera matanho ekudzivirira kuratidzira, ichityisidzira kubvisa rezinesi revatyairi vematekisi kuti vasatore avo vanoda kujoinha mhirizhonga, vachigadzira zvidzoreso zvekupinda nekubuda kweAl Hoceima uye. kutadzisa kupinda.kubva kune dzimwe nyika kuenda kuguta kudzivirira mifananidzo yekuratidzira kukuru.

VaRiffian, vari kure nekukanda mapfumo pasi, vanosimbisa kuti havasi kuzomira kudzamara vasunungura avo vakavharirwa kuratidzira (vanga vari mudare kubva muna Chivabvu) uye kudzamara rubatsiro rwemagariro evanhu uye kubviswa kwemauto munharaunda kwasvika, chimwe chinhu chinopokana. zvido zve Rabat, iyo isingadi kupa mufananidzo wekushaya simba kunyika.

Wese munhu ane zvakawanda zviri panjodzi mumwedzi iyi, kunyangwe muPalace vanoziva kuti kana Arab Spring yakavadzidzisa chero chinhu, ndezvekuti zvese zvinogona kutora shanduko mumaawa makumi mana nemasere chete. kusaenzana kana kumuka-kumuka padanho repasi rose kunogona kutopedza simba rakagadzwa raMohamed VI, nepo vanhu veRifi vachishuvira kuenzana nemagariro avo nenyika yese uye, ndiani anoziva, kuwana rusununguko rimwe zuva.

Uye takapihwa izvi, kubva kumuvakidzani weMelilla tinotarisa kubvunza pane zvese zvinoitika nekusavimbika kwezvisingatarisirwi, kurarama hupenyu hwezuva nezuva kure kwazvo kubva kune hwevanhu veRifi kunyangwe vari makumi emakiromita, asi makumi emakore kure.