Lilemo tse 75 tsa Leano la Marshall: le fetotse Europe le ho hlalosa lipolotiki tsa lefatše bocha

Lefatšeng leo ho lona Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše e neng e siile Europe e ripitliloe, Mongoli oa Naha oa United States George Marshall o hlahisitse khopolo e sebete e neng e tla fetola tsela ea histori: leano la lithuso tsa moruo ho aha bocha kontinente ea Europe. Leano la Marshall, le reheletsoeng ka tlhompho ea moetsi oa lona, ​​le qeta lilemo tse 75 kajeno.

Ka la 3 April, 1948, mopresidente oa United States, Harry Truman, e ile ea saena Leano la Marshall, le neng le fana ka thuso ea moruo linaheng tsa Europe Bophirimela tse neng li anngoe ke Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše. Boikemisetso, e leng e ile ea nka lilemo tse ’nè, ea fana ka thuso e fetang liranta tse libilione tse 13.000 ho linaha tse 16 tsa Europe.

Leano la Marshall e ne e se feela pontšo ea ho fana ka seatla se bulehileng karolong ea United States, empa hape E ne e le leano la lipolotiki ho boloka tšusumetso ea United States Europe le ho loantša tšusumetso ea Soviet sebakeng. Linaha tse ruileng molemo tsa Leano la Marshall li ile tsa tlameha ho sebelisana hammoho ho fumana thuso, e leng se ileng sa khothalletsa ho kopanngoa ha moruo le lipolotiki Europe Bophirimela. Ho phaella moo, Leano la Marshall le ile la sebeletsa ho kopanya mokhoa oa moruo oa Amerika khahlanong le oa Soviet Union, o ileng oa thusa ho thibela ho ata ha bokomonisi Europe.

Tšusumetso ea Leano la Marshall e ne e le ea bohlokoa ebile e tšoarella. Linaha tse ruileng molemo li bile le keketseho ea tlhahiso le tlhahiso, le Ka potlako moruo oa Europe o ile oa ntlafala ntoeng. Leano la Marshall le ile la boela la thusa ho matlafatsa ho kopanngoa ha moruo oa Europe, la rala motheo oa ho thehoa ha European Union lilemong tsa bo-1950. Ho phaella moo, e ile ea e-ba letšoao la tšebelisano-’moho ho tšela Atlantic, ea rala motheo oa selekane pakeng tsa United States. le Europe.

Tšebeliso ea pele le ka morao

Pele ho Leano la Marshall, Europe E ne e aparetsoe ke timetso le bofutsana ka lebaka la Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše. Moruo oa Europe o ne o anngoe haholo ke ntoa, a tloha baahi ba se nang disebediswa le ba maemong a kotsi a bophelo. Ho feta moo, tšusumetso ea Soviet e ne e ntse e ata sebakeng seo, e leng se ileng sa sokela ho senya boemo ba lipolotiki le ho feta.

Leha ho le joalo, ka mor'a ho kenngoa ts'ebetsong, Europe e ile ea e-ba le tsosoloso e potlakileng ea moruo le ea sechaba. Linaha tsa Europe tse ileng tsa rua molemo ka thuso li ile tsa khona ho tsosolosa moruo oa tsona le ho ntlafatsa maemo a bophelo a baahi ba tsona. Kopanyo ea moruo e khothaletsoang ke Leano la Marshall hape e thusitse ho matlafatsa botsitso ba lipolotiki sebakeng seo. Sebakeng sa ho ba sebaka sa likhohlano, Europe e ile ea fetoha mohlala oa tšebelisano 'moho le bonngoe lipakeng tsa lichaba, ea rala motheo oa kopano e haufi pakeng tsa linaha tsa Europe.

Leano la Marshall le lona le bile le tšusumetso e khōlō lipolotiking tsa lefatše ka kakaretso. O thusitse ho tiisa boemo ba United States joalo ka moetapele oa lefats'e le ho loantša tšusumetso ea Soviet Europe. Ho feta moo, e thehile motheo oa leano la thuso ea kantle ho naha ea Amerika nakong e tlang, eo esale e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea leano la kantle ho naha la United States ho tloha ka nako eo.

Boemo ba USSR

Qalong Soviet Union e ile ea hanyetsa Leano la Marshall, e le bitsang teko ea United States ea ho qobella mokhoa oa eona oa moruo le oa lipolotiki Europe. USSR e ne e boetse e tšoenyehile ka tšusumetso e ntseng e eketseha ea United States Europe, e neng e sokela ho senya sebaka seo le ho tlosa Soviet Union e le matla a ka sehloohong.

Ho arabela Leano la Marshall, Soviet Union e thehile COMECON, mokhatlo oa moruo o neng o akarelletsa linaha tsa bososhiale tsa Europe Bochabela. COMECON e ikemiseditse ho hodisa kopanyo ya moruo pakeng tsa dinaha tsa bososhiale le ho lwantshana le tshusumetso ya Leano la Marshall Europe. Leha ho le joalo, ho sa tsotellehe boiteko ba Soviet Union, Leano la Marshall le ile la atleha ’me la kenya letsoho ho tsosoloseng moruo le sechabeng Europe Bophirimela.

Mebuso ea machaba

Lilemong tseo Moralo oa Marshall o ileng oa etsoa ka tsona, ’Muso oa United States o ne o etelletsoe pele ke Mopresidente Harry S. Truman, ea ileng a nka setulo ka mor’a lefu la Mopresidente Franklin D. Roosevelt ka 1945, o ile a itlama ho ntšetsa pele leano la ho thusa Europe. e qaliloeng ke mohlahlami oa hae.

Tsamaiso ea Truman e ile ea tobana le mathata a bohlokoa a maano a kantle ho naha, ho kenyeletsoa ho qaleha ha Cold War le Soviet Union le ntoa khahlanong le bokomonisi lefatšeng ka bophara. Ho feta moo, Tsamaiso ea Truman e kentse tšebetsong liphetoho tsa bohlokoa tsa ka hare, tse kang tumello ea Leano la Sechaba la Tšireletso ea Sechaba. O ile a boela a etella pele boiteko ba ho theha Machaba a Kopaneng 'me a etella pele tlhōlo ea Selekane Ntoeng ea II ea Lefatše.

Linaheng tse ling, baetapele ba fapaneng haholo ba ne ba ikarabella, ho kenyeletsoa le mohatelli oa nako le nako, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe tafoleng e latelang:

Na u ratile sehlooho see? Re tšehetse: ho ba Motšehetsi.