I-17A - iminyaka eyi-128 yeSivumelwano saseShimonoseki

Imfazwe yamaSino-yaseJapan yowe-1894-1895 yayiyimfazwe eyabangela ukuba iTshayina neJapan zingqubane kumzabalazo wokulawula uSingasiqithi waseKorea neTaiwan. Olu ngquzulwano lube neziphumo ezibalulekileyo zezopolitiko nezoqoqosho kuzo zombini izizwe, kunye nakummandla waseAsia ngokubanzi.

Iingcambu zemfazwe zilele kwimpembelelo ekhulayo yaseJapan e-Asia kunye nomnqweno wayo wokwandisa ummandla kunye nemithombo yendalo. I-China, yona, yaba buthathaka ngenxa yorhwaphilizo kunye nokungazinzi kwezopolitiko, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe sesichengeni kumabhongo okwandisa iJapan.

Ingxabano yaqala ngoJulayi 1894, xa iJapan yahlasela iKorea ngenxa yokubulawa kwabavangeli basemazweni ababini baseJapan. I-China, eyayithatha i-Korea njengomkhuseli wayo, yathumela imikhosi ukuba ikhusele lo mmandla, nto leyo eyakhokelela kwimfazwe evulekileyo phakathi kwala mazwe mabini.

Ungquzulwano lwasemkhosini lwaba lufutshane kodwa lwaluluqilima, kwaye lwaphawulwa ngothotho lwamadabi anzima awayequka Idabi lasePyongyang kunye neDabi loMlambo waseYalu. IJapan ibonakalise ukuba lutshaba olunzima, ngenxa yomkhosi wayo wale mihla kunye nezixhobo, ngelixa I-China yabandezeleka ngenxa yokungabikho kokuphuculwa kwemikhosi yayo exhobileyo.

Isiphumo semfazwe yaba ngu Uloyiso lweJapan, olwanyanzela iTshayina ukuba isayine iSivumelwano saseShimonoseki ngoAprili 17, 1895.. Esi sivumelwano sibeke uthotho lweemeko ezilihlazo eTshayina, kubandakanya:

1. I-China kwafuneka qaphela ukuzimela kweKorea kwaye uyeke iTaiwan, iZiqithi zePescadores kunye noSingasiqithi weLiaodong ukuya eJapan.
2. I-China kwafuneka ihlawule imbuyekezo yemfazwe ye-200 yezigidi zeethale zesilivere eJapan.
3. I-China kwafuneka ivule amazibuko ezorhwebo aliqela kwizinto ezinomdla zaseJapan, kubandakanya iShashi, iChongqing, iSuzhou kunye neHangzhou.
4. I-China kwafuneka ivumele abemi baseJapan ukuba bahlale kwaye barhwebe kwiindawo ezithile zaseTshayina.
5. Iinkqubo zokutshintshiselana ngamabanjwa kunye nokubuyiselwa kwabahlali basekhaya.

ISivumelwano saseShimonoseki saba neziphumo ezibalulekileyo kwezopolitiko kunye noqoqosho lwase-Asiya, kwaye saphawula ukuqala kwexesha lolawulo lwamaJapan kulo mmandla. Ikwakhokelele ekunyukeni kobuzwe baseTshayina kunye nephulo lelizwe lokuphucula imeko yangoku, ekugqibeleni ikhokelele kwi-Xinhai Revolution ka-1911 kunye nokuwa komnombo we-Qing.