Siyakhumbula-i-Paris Commune

I-Paris Commune yayisisiganeko esibaluleke kakhulu kwezopolitiko nezentlalo kwimbali yaseFransi kunye nehlabathi elishiye. Kangangeentsuku ezingama-72 ngowe-1871, isixeko saseParis sasiphantsi kolawulo lwabantu ababezibiza ngokuba “nguMbutho”., eyayifuna ukuseka urhulumente wobusoshiyali nowedemokhrasi. Nangona iCommune yaseParis yatyunyuzwa yimikhosi yorhulumente waseFransi, ilifa layo kunye nefuthe kwimbali yezopolitiko nezentlalo yaseFransi kunye nehlabathi ihlala ibalulekile.

Imvelaphi

I-Paris Commune yaba sisiphumo sothotho lweziganeko ebezisenzeka kangangeminyaka. IFransi yayilawulwa bubukhosi de kwangowe-1848, xa iNguquko kaFebruwari yabhukuqa uKumkani uLouis Philippe yaza yaseka iriphabliki. Nangona kunjalo, i-republic ayizange ihlale ixesha elide kwaye Ngomnyaka we-1851, uLouis Napoleon Bonaparte wenza i-self-coup kwaye waba nguMlawuli omtsha waseFransi..

Ebudeni bolawulo lukaNapoleon III, iParis yenza iinguqulelo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Isixeko sahlaziywa saza saphuculwa, saba nezakhiwo ezitsha neendlela ezinkulu eziphucula ukuhambahamba nokuhamba kwabantu. Nangona kunjalo, Ukwenziwa kwezinto ngokwala maxesha kukwaze nophuculo kunye nokugxothwa kwabona bahlali bahluphekayo esixekweni. Uninzi lwabo lwaluphila phantsi kweemeko ezimaxongo yaye lusebenza kwimizi-mveliso eyayixhaphaza abasebenzi babo.

Ngowe-1870, iFransi yabandakanyeka imfazwe nePrussia. Urhulumente waseFransi woyiswa kwaye IParis yangqingwa kangangeenyanga eziliqela. Ngexesha lokungqingwa, esi sixeko safumana ubunzima obukhulu kwaye isigqeba sanyanzeleka ukuba sisayine isivumelwano esihlazisayo esabiza iFransi imali eninzi kunye nommandla. Abantu baseParis bavakalelwa kukuba babengcatshiwe ngurhulumente wabo yaye, endaweni yokuba banikezele, baququzelela baza baseka iKhomishini yaseParis.

Umbutho waseParis

Umbutho waseParis Yasekwa ngoMatshi 18, 1871, xa abantu baseParis bathabatha izixhobo nxamnye norhulumente waseFransi. ICommune yayiyimbumba yabasebenzi, amajoni kunye namanye amacandelo oluntu awayefuna ukuseka urhulumente wedemokhrasi nobusoshiyali eParis. I-Commune yayikhokelwa yibhodi elawulayo eyonyulwe ngokwedemokhrasi kwaye ijonge ukwenza iinguqu ezimandla kwezentlalo nezopolitiko, ezifana Ukupheliswa komkhosi omileyo, ukwenziwa komhlaba kunye neefektri zibe ngurhulumente, kunye nokudalwa kwenkqubo yemfundo ekhululekileyo yehlabathi..

I-Commune iphawulwe ngenkxaso yayo yokulingana ngokwesini kunye nenkululeko yabasetyhini. Abasetyhini babesebenza kwiCommune kwaye baseka iqela labo lezopolitiko, uMbutho wabaseTyhini woKhuselo lwaseParis kunye noNyango lwabangxwelerhekileyo. ICommune ikwaseke iindawo zokugcina abantwana kunye nezikolo zeentombi zabasebenzi, ezivumela abasetyhini ukuba basebenze ngaphandle kwekhaya.

I-Commune ikwalingelo kwidemokhrasi ethe ngqo nethatha inxaxheba. Abemi baseParis baba nethuba lokuba nenxaxheba ekwenzeni izigqibo kwezobupolitika ngeendibano ezidumileyo neekomiti zengingqi. I-Commune idale noshicilelo lwasimahla noluvulelekileyo oluvumela iingxoxo zezopolitiko kunye neengxoxo esixekweni.

Nangona kunjalo, iCommune yaseParis nayo yajongana nenkitha yemiqobo kunye nemingeni. Urhulumente waseFransi akazange avume ukuyamkela inkululeko yeParis waza wagqiba kwelokuba aphinde asilawule ngenkani eso sixeko. NgoMeyi 21, 1871, imikhosi karhulumente waseFransi yasirhangqa eso sixeko yaza yaqalisa ukusidubula ngeebhombu.. I-Paris Commune yaxhathisa kangangeentsuku, kodwa ekugqibeleni yoyiswa ngoMeyi 28, 1871. Ingcinezelo eyalandelayo yayiyeyenkohlakalo: amawakawaka abulawa. sumarevalelwe okanye evalelwe, kwaye isixeko saphangwa saphanziswa.

Emva kokuwa kwayo, urhulumente waseFransi wazinikela ekwakhiweni kwakhona nasekuphuculeni isixeko. Izakhiwo ezitsha zakhiwa, kuquka i-Opera Garnier kunye ne-Eiffel Tower, eyayiza kuba yimifanekiso yesixeko. Iziseko zoncedo ziye zaphuculwa, ngokuyilwa kweendlela ezintsha neebhoulevards, nothungelwano lwezothutho lukawonke-wonke lwandiswa.

Ngaba ulithandile eli nqaku? Sixhase, yiba ngumxhasi.