Iminyaka eyi-17A – eyi-128 yeSivumelwano saseShimonoseki

Impi yamaSino-Japanese ka-1894-1895 kwakuyimpi yezempi eyaxabanisa iChina neJapane emzabalazweni wokulawula iNhlonhlo YaseKorea neTaiwan. Lokhu kungqubuzana kwaba nemiphumela ebalulekile yezombangazwe nezomnotho kuzo zombili izizwe, kanye nesifunda sase-Asia sisonke.

Umsuka wempi wawusethonya elikhulayo laseJapane e-Asia kanye nesifiso sayo sokwandisa indawo yayo nemithombo yemvelo. I-China, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yaba buthaka ngenxa yenkohlakalo nokungazinzi kwezombangazwe, okwayenza yaba sengozini yezifiso zokwandisa iJapane.

Ingxabano yaqala ngo-July 1894, lapho iJapane ihlasela iKorea ngenxa yokubulawa kwezithunywa zevangeli ezimbili zaseJapane. I-China, eyayithatha iKorea njengesivikelo sayo, yathumela amasosha ukuthi ayovikela le ndawo, okwaholela ekuvuleni impi phakathi kwalawa mazwe womabili.

Ingxabano yezempi yayimfushane kodwa yayishubile, futhi yaphawulwa ngochungechunge lwezimpi eziwujuqu ezazihlanganisa Impi yasePyongyang kanye neMpi yoMfula iYalu. I-Japan ibonakale iyisitha esiqinile, ngenxa yebutho layo lesimanje nezikhali, kuyilapho I-China yahlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuvuselelwa kwamasosha ayo ahlomile.

Umphumela wempi waba a ukunqoba kweJapan, okwaphoqa iChina ukuthi isayine iSivumelwano saseShimonoseki ngo-Ephreli 17, 1895.. Lesi sivumelwano sabeka uchungechunge lwezimo ezilulazayo eChina, okuhlanganisa:

1. I-China kwadingeka bona ukuzimela kwe-Korea futhi bayekele i-Taiwan, i-Pescadores Islands kanye ne-Liaodong Peninsula ukuya eJapane.
2. I-China kwadingeka ikhokhe isinxephezelo sempi sezinhlamvu zesiliva eziyizigidi ezingu-200 eJapane.
3. I-China kwadingeka ivule izikhumulo zemikhumbi ezimbalwa zokuhweba ezithakazelweni zaseJapan, okuhlanganisa iShashi, iChongqing, iSuzhou neHangzhou.
4. I-China kwadingeka ivumele izakhamuzi zaseJapane ukuthi zihlale futhi zihwebe ezindaweni ezithile zaseChina.
5. Kwasungulwa izinqubo zokushintshisana kweziboshwa nokubuyiselwa kwezakhamuzi.

ISivumelwano SaseShimonoseki saba nemiphumela ebalulekile kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho wase-Asia, futhi saphawula ukuqala kwenkathi yokubusa kwamaJapane esifundeni. Kuphinde kwaholela ekwenyukeni kobuzwe baseShayina kanye nesifiso sezwe sokwenza isimanjemanje, kwagcina kuholele kuNguquko yaseXinhai yango-1911 kanye nokuwa kobukhosi bakwa-Qing.