RecordEMos - 37 años del referéndum sobre la OTAN

Hoy se cumplen 37 años del referéndum en el que los ciudadanos de nuestro país decidieron si España debería formar parte de la OTAN o no unirse a la Alianza Atlántica. En este artículo repasamos los datos de las votaciones de la consulta.

Umongo

Ireferendamu yokungahlali kweSpain eNorth Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), owagujwa ngo-March 12, 1986, kwaba isenzakalo esibalulekile emlandweni wezombangazwe waseSpain. Ireferendamu ibizwe nguhulumeni kalowo owayengumengameli ngaleso sikhathi uFelipe González, futhi yenzeke ngemuva kwenkulumompikiswano eshubile yokuthi ngabe iSpain kumele yini ihlale iyilungu le-NATO noma ihoxe enhlanganweni yezempi.

Ngaleyo minyaka, ISpain yayisezinhlelweni zoguquko lwentando yeningi ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka yombuso wobushiqela ngaphansi kombuso kaFranco. Ukungena kweSpain ku-NATO ngo-1982 kube ngesinye sezinyathelo zokuqala zezwe ekuhlanganisweni nezwe laseNtshonalanga futhi kwakulungisiwe mayelana nesidingo sokuhlanganisa intando yeningi yaseSpain kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwayo nomphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe.

Nokho, Ubulungu beSpain ku-NATO bebunempikiswano enkulu futhi budale ukugxekwa okuqinile phakathi kwamaqembu angakwesokunxele., izinyunyana kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi. Lawa maqembu abheka ukuthi i-NATO iyinhlangano yama-impiriyali nefudumalayo engawahloniphi amalungelo abantu noma ubukhosi bamazwe.

Umkhankaso wokhetho wenhlolovo wawushubile kakhulu futhi uhlukanisiwe, futhi izinhlangothi ezimbili ezibhekane zodwa emqhudelwaneni, "yebo" kanye "no-cha", zethule izimpikiswano ezihluke kakhulu mayelana nezinzuzo nezingozi zeSpain ezisele kunhlolovo. I-NATO.

Abasekeli baka-"yebo" baphikisa ngokuthi i-NATO yayiyinhlangano yokuzivikela eqinisekisa ukuphepha kwe-Europe ngokumelene nosongo lwe-Soviet bloc, nokuthi ukusuka kweSpain ku-NATO kuzobeka engozini ukuzinza kwesifunda kanye nesikhundla seSpain emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baphikisana ngokuthi i-NATO inikeze iSpain izinsiza ezibalulekile zezomnotho nezobuchwepheshe ezizuzisa izwe.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abalandeli baka-"cha" babambelele ekutheni i-NATO yayiyinhlangano yezempi neyokwandisa ekhuthaza umjaho wezikhali futhi ingahloniphi ubukhosi bamazwe angewona amalungu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baphikisa ngokuthi i-NATO ayikuqinisekisi ukuphepha kweSpain, kodwa kunalokho ikuveze ekuziphindiseleni okungenzeka uma kwenzeka kuba nezingxabano, nokuthi izinsiza zezomnotho nezobuchwepheshe ezihlinzekwa yi-NATO zaziyize uma ziqhathaniswa nezindleko zezempi nezombusazwe zobulungu. inhlangano.

Imiphumela

Umphumela wenhlolovo ye-NATO eSpain ngo-1986 waba nemiphumela ebalulekile yezombangazwe nezenhlalo ezweni. Ezingeni lezombusazwe, ukunqoba kuka-"yebo" kwahlanganisa isikhundla saseSpain njengelungu le-NATO futhi yaqinisa umbimbi ne-United States namanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga. Uhulumeni wezenhlalakahle oholwa ngu UFelipe González ucabange ukuthi ukunqoba kuka "yebo" kuwukugunyaza inqubomgomo yakhe yezangaphandle. kanye neqhinga layo lokwenza izwe libe ngelanamuhla, futhi lasebenzisa umphumela wenhlolovo ukuqinisa ukuba semthethweni kwalo kwentando yeningi.

Nokho, umbuzo kwadala ukungezwani okukhulu phakathi kwezinhlaka zezenhlalo nezepolitiki ababesekele inketho ethi "cha". Abaningi babo bacabange ukuthi ukunqoba kuka "yebo" kwakuwumphumela womkhankaso wokhetho oludukisayo nolukhohlisayo, nokuthi ukubonisana akuzange kubonise intando yeqiniso yezakhamuzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlolovo yajulisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezombusazwe eSpain futhi yaqinisa isithombe se-NATO njengenhlangano ephikisanayo enenhlonipho encane ngobukhosi bamazwe. Ngalo mqondo, inhlolovo ye-NATO eSpain ngo-1986 yaba isenzakalo esibalulekile emlandweni wezwe wezombangazwe nezenhlalakahle, owaphawula ukuqala kwenkathi yezinguquko kanye nezinkulumo-mpikiswano mayelana nendima yeSpain endaweni yamazwe ngamazwe.