Shekaru 75 na Shirin Marshall: ya canza Turai da sake fasalin siyasar duniya

A cikin duniyar da yakin duniya na biyu ya bar Turai cikin rudani, Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka George Marshall ya gabatar wani m tunani wanda zai canza tsarin tarihi: shirin taimakon tattalin arziki don sake gina nahiyar Turai. Shirin Marshall Plan, mai suna don girmama mahaliccinsa, ya cika shekaru 75 a yau.

A ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 1948, shugaban Amurka. Harry Truman, ya sanya hannu kan shirin Marshall Plan, wanda ya ba da taimakon tattalin arziki ga kasashen yammacin Turai da yakin duniya na biyu ya shafa. Shirin, wanda ya dauki tsawon shekaru hudu, inda ya bayar da taimakon sama da dala biliyan 13.000 ga kasashen Turai 16.

Shirin Marshall ba wai kawai nuna karimci ne daga bangaren Amurka ba, har ma Dabarar siyasa ce don kiyaye tasirin Amurka a Turai da kuma magance tasirin Soviet a yankin. Kasashen da suka ci moriyar shirin na Marshall Plan dole ne su hada kai da juna don samun taimako, wanda ya inganta hadewar tattalin arziki da siyasa na yammacin Turai. Bugu da ƙari, Shirin Marshall ya yi aiki don ƙarfafa tsarin tattalin arzikin Amurka akan na Soviet, wanda ya taimaka wajen hana yaduwar gurguzu a Turai.

Tasirin Shirin Marshall ya kasance mai mahimmanci kuma mai dorewa. Kasashen da suka ci moriyar sun sami karuwar samarwa da samarwa, da kuma Tattalin arzikin Turai ya farfado da sauri daga yakin. Shirin Marshall Plan ya kuma taimaka wajen inganta dunkulewar tattalin arzikin kasashen Turai, inda ya kafa harsashin kafa kungiyar Tarayyar Turai a shekarun 1950. Bugu da kari, ya zama wata alama ta hadin gwiwa tsakanin kasashen yankin tekun Atlantika, da kafa harsashin kawance tsakanin Amurka. da Turai.

Kafin da kuma bayan aikace-aikacensa

Kafin tsarin Marshall, Turai An shiga cikin halaka da talauci sakamakon yakin duniya na biyu. Tattalin arzikin Turai ya yi tasiri sosai sakamakon yakin, ya bar jama'a ba tare da albarkatu ba kuma cikin mawuyacin hali na rayuwa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, tasirin Soviet yana yaduwa a cikin yankin, wanda ke barazanar kara dagula yanayin siyasa.

Koyaya, bayan aiwatar da shi, Turai ta sami saurin farfadowar tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. Kasashen Turai da suka ci gajiyar tallafin sun sami damar sake gina tattalin arzikinsu da inganta rayuwar 'yan kasarsu. Haɗin gwiwar tattalin arziƙin da Shirin Marshall ya haɓaka shi ma ya taimaka wajen karfafa kwanciyar hankalin siyasa a yankin. A maimakon zama wani yanki na rikici, Turai ta zama misali na hadin gwiwa da hadin kai tsakanin kasashe, tare da aza harsashin kulla kawance tsakanin kasashen Turai.

Shirin Marshall kuma ya yi tasiri sosai a siyasar duniya gabaɗaya. Ya taimaka wajen tabbatar da matsayin Amurka a matsayin jagora a duniya da kuma magance tasirin Soviet a Turai. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ta kafa harsashin manufofin ba da taimako na ketare a nan gaba, wanda ya kasance wani muhimmin bangare na manufofin harkokin wajen Amurka tun daga lokacin.

Matsayin USSR

Da farko Tarayyar Soviet ta yi adawa da shirin Marshall Plan, inda ta kira shi yunƙurin da Amurka ke yi na aiwatar da tsarinta na tattalin arziki da siyasa a Turai. Har ila yau, Tarayyar Soviet ta damu da karuwar tasirin Amurka a Turai, wanda ke barazanar lalata yankin da kuma kawar da Tarayyar Soviet a matsayin mai karfi.

Dangane da tsarin Marshall Plan, Tarayyar Soviet ta kafa COMECON, ƙungiyar tattalin arziki da ta haɗa da ƙasashen gurguzu na Gabashin Turai. COMECON na da nufin inganta haɗin gwiwar tattalin arziki tsakanin ƙasashe masu ra'ayin gurguzu da kuma magance tasirin shirin Marshall a Turai. Duk da haka, duk da ƙoƙarin da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi, shirin Marshall Plan ya kasance mai nasara kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga farfadowar tattalin arziki da zamantakewa na yammacin Turai.

gwamnatocin duniya

A cikin shekarun da aka aiwatar da Shirin Marshall, Shugaba Harry S. Truman ya jagoranci gwamnatin Amurka, wanda ya karbi mulki bayan mutuwar shugaba Franklin D. Roosevelt a shekara ta 1945, ya yi alkawarin ci gaba da manufofin ba da taimako ga Turai. wanda magabata ya fara.

Gwamnatin Truman ta fuskanci manyan kalubalen manufofin ketare, ciki har da farkon yakin cacar baka da Tarayyar Soviet da yaki da gurguzu a duniya. Bugu da kari, Gwamnatin Truman ta aiwatar da muhimman gyare-gyare na cikin gida, kamar amincewa da Tsarin Tsaron Jama'a na kasa. Ya kuma jagoranci yunƙurin samar da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kuma ya jagoranci nasarar da Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin suka yi a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.

A wasu ƙasashe, shugabanni dabam-dabam ne suka shugabanci, ciki har da ɗan kama-karya na lokaci-lokaci, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin wannan tebur mai zuwa:

Shin kuna son wannan labarin? Goyon bayan mu: zama Majiɓinci.