Special June 15. Zaka 40 za "ulamuliro wa 78"

Zaka 40 zadutsa kuchokera pamene chisankho choyamba cha demokalase chinachitika ku Spain pambuyo pa zaka makumi anayi za ulamuliro wankhanza. Kwa zaka zambiri, zabwino kwambiri: nthawi yayikulu komanso yayitali kwambiri ya demokalase, ufulu ndi chitukuko chomwe dziko lathu lakhala nalo. Komabe, kwa ena, zisankhozo zinali chiyambi cha ulamuliro wolephera, wolowa m'malo mwa zolakwika ndi zolepheretsa zomwe zitha kupangitsa kuti ulephere kufikira zaka za zana la 21.

Mbiri idzasankha yemwe anali wolondola:

1975 Imfa ya wolamulira wankhanza. “Uthenga wake wotsiriza” unatsogolera khomo la masukulu onse m’dzikolo kwa miyezi yambiri.

1976. Pambuyo pa Khirisimasi, pamodzi ndi mawu a Franco, Uthenga Woyamba wa Mfumu unayikidwa m'makalasi. Mawu ake anali kale osiyana kwambiri. Chaka chinatsegulidwanso.

Mizere kuti tidzavote. Pa June 15, 1977, anthu a ku Spain anapita kukavota mwaunyinji. Ambiri anali akuyembekezera kwa zaka zambiri kuti achite.

Pa December 6, 1978, Constitution inavomerezedwa ndi anthu ambiri pa referendum. Zilankhulo za Autonomous Communities zomwe zangodziwika kumene zinayamba kusintha.

Mu zisankho za 1979, UCD ya Purezidenti Adolfo Suárez idabwereza kupambana kwake zaka ziwiri m'mbuyomo. Ulamuliro wakale tsopano unali kumbuyo kwathu.

1980. Chisankho chachigawo ku Catalonia ndi Dziko la Basque. Kuvomerezedwa kwa lamulo la Andalusian. State of the Autonomies ikuyamba kuyenda.

1981. Zosinthazo zinali zadzidzidzi komanso zolimba mtima kuti magawo akale a Franco asatengeke. Pa February 23, iwo anayesa kulanda boma komwe sikunalephereke.

1982. Sosaite inalimbikitsidwa pambuyo pa kuyesa kulanda boma, ndipo anavotera gulu la Socialist Party, lomwe linapeza unyinji waukulu kwambiri mu demokalase.

1983. Boma la Socialist limalanda kampani ya Rumasa kuchokera kwa wamalonda wodziwika bwino José María Ruiz Mateos.

Mu 1984, PSOE, yomwe idabwera kuboma ndikulonjeza kuti ipanga ntchito 800.000, idawona zovuta zazachuma zidapangitsa kuchuluka kwa kusowa kwa ntchito kufika pafupifupi 20%, ndipo chiwerengero cha anthu omwe alibe ntchito chinali kale kuyandikira 3.000.000.

Mu 1985, boma linavomereza lamulo loletsa kuchotsa mimba.

1986. Spain ilowa m'gulu lotchedwa European Economic Community (ndikuvomereza umembala wa NATO mu referendum)

Mu 1987, ETA idachita zigawenga mu supermarket ya Hipercor ku Barcelona. Kupha kwake koopsa kwambiri, pakati pa ena ambiri kunachitika kale komanso pambuyo pake.

December 14, 1988. Kupambana kwa sitalaka yayikulu yolimbana ndi ndondomeko ya zachuma ya boma la PSOE. Kusagwirizana kumayamba, tchuthi cha González ndi gulu lakumanzere chimatha.

1989. Azimayi oyambirira adalowa usilikali, ndi kukana kolimba koyamba. Masiku ano anthu masauzande ambiri achita nawo mautumiki ambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Makanema oyambilira a Private Televizioni amabadwa: Antena 3, Canal + ndi Telecinco. Kukhazikika kwa njira ziwiri za TVE kumatha.

Mu 1991, Alfonso Guerra, wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Boma, adasiya ntchito chifukwa cha mlandu wa "Juan Guerra". Milandu ina yakatangale imabuka, monga Filesa. PSOE imapirira chifukwa cha chisangalalo cha Felipe González.

Masewera a Olimpiki a 1992 anali ogwirizana mwamtendere m'zaka zovuta. Kalonga wachinyamatayo anali wonyamulira muyezo, ndipo kupambana pamasewera ndi gulu kunatiyika ife pamalo okondedwa padziko lapansi.

Sikuti nthawi zonse mbendera inali kugwiritsiridwa ntchito pa zamasewera kapena pa zolinga zabwino. Mu 1993, milandu yatsopano yosawerengeka ya ziphuphu idawonekera pafupi ndi ulamuliro: Roldán, Paesa, Banesto, ndi zina zotero. Ngakhale zinali choncho, PSOE idakwanitsanso kupambana zisankho.

Belle Epoque wapambana Oscar pafilimu yabwino kwambiri yakunja. Panthawiyi, Luis Roldán akuthawa, Solchaga ndi Corcuera akusiya ntchito, ndipo zonyansa zowonjezereka zikuwulutsidwa.

Javier Solana wa Socialist adasankhidwa kukhala Mlembi Wamkulu wa NATO mu 1995.

Potsirizira pake, patatha zaka zambiri zotsutsa zachinyengo za boma la PSOE, PP inakwanitsa kupambana mu chisankho cha 1996, ngakhale kuti chinali ndi malire ochepa kuposa momwe ankayembekezera.

ETA inaba ndi kupha phungu Miguel Angel Blanco mu 1997. Palibe chomwe chinali chofanana ndi ETA kuyambira pamenepo.

Santander akuyambitsa kutsatsa kwa Banesto. Izi zikuphatikiza nthawi yogulira, kuphatikizika ndi kukulitsa kwapadziko lonse lapansi mabanki aku Spain omwe akuyenda bwino.

Mu 1999, dziko la Spain, pambuyo popanga masinthidwe ovuta, ndi kutsatira zofunikira zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa ku Maastricht, idakhala gawo la Monetary Union yomwe idakhazikitsa yuro kuti ilowe m'malo mwa ndalama zamayiko.

Spain idapambana Davis Cup koyamba. Kupambana pamasewera ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimayambitsa malingaliro adziko.

2001. Mlandu wa ERE wavumbulutsidwa ku Andalusia

Chaka cha 2002. Sitima yapamadzi ya Prestige imathamangira ku gombe la Galician. Minister Mariano Rajoy akumana ndi tsoka lachilengedwe. Anthu amasonkhana kuti achepetse kuwonongeka.

2003. Azungu akumangirira motsutsana ndi "zida zowononga anthu ambiri" zomwe Iraq akukayikira kuti akuzisunga. Dziko la Spain likutsogola pothandiza asilikali.

Chimodzi mwa ziwopsezo zoyamba za jihadist chikuchitika ku Spain, ndipo chimayambitsa imfa pafupifupi 200. Kuwongolera kolakwika kwavutoli, kutengera kwake kwa ETA, komanso chipwirikiti chomwe chidachitika patatha masiku atatu zisankho, zidapangitsa kugonjetsedwa kwa zisankho kwa Popular Party komanso kupambana kwa PSOE ya Zapatero.

Zapatero adavomereza ukwati wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ku 2005. Congress inakana "Ibarretxe Plan" ya Basque Lehendakari.

Kusintha kwa Lamulo la Catalan mchaka cha 2006, Khothi Loona za Malamulo mu 2010 linalengeza kuti silikugwirizana ndi malamulo, zomwe zinachititsa kuti anthu azidana kwambiri.

Mu 2007, Purezidenti Zapatero adalimbikitsa Lamulo la Dependency, lomwe pamapeto pake silinakwaniritse zolinga zake zonse chifukwa chosowa ndalama.

Mavuto aakulu azachuma abuka ku United States ndi madera ena, omwe Purezidenti Zapatero sakudziwa.

2009. Vutoli likufika ku Spain ndi nkhanza zake zonse. Njira zodzidzimutsa ndi zokondoweza zimayesedwa koma sizikugwira ntchito. Kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono.

2010. Zapatero akukakamizika kupanga mabala akuluakulu mosiyana ndi miyeso yapitayi. Mlandu wa Noos ukuyamba.

Chaka cha 2011. Panjira yopita ku 5.000.000 osagwira ntchito, mkwiyo wa anthu ukusefukira. Kusuntha kwa 15-M kumabadwa. Chipani Chotchuka ndichopambana zisankho.

Boma la PP likupitilira ndikulimbikira mfundo yoduladula. Kusintha kwa ntchito kumavomerezedwa. Pali kuyankha mwamphamvu kwamagulu. General strike pa Marichi 20, 2012.

2013. Chuma sichichitapo kanthu. XNUMX miliyoni omwe alibe ntchito afikiridwa. Boma la Popular Party lili ndi milandu ina yakatangale. Mlandu wa Bárcenas, zokayikitsa zodziwika bwino zakupereka ndalama zosagwirizana ndi chipanichi.

Atadzudzulidwa chifukwa cha malingaliro ake komanso zonyansa zapabanja, Mfumu Juan Carlos I, protagonist wa kusinthaku, amasiya. Mwana wake Felipe VI akutenga udindo. Podemos amawonekera modzidzimutsa mu chisankho cha ku Ulaya: 15-M ili kale ndi ndale. Milandu yambiri ya ziphuphu (Púnica) imakhudza PP.

2015. Ziphuphu zazinga PP ndikunyoza PSOE. Podemos ndi Ciudadanos amathetsa dongosolo la zipani ziwiri mu zisankho za 20-D.

2016. Chaka cha kutsekedwa kwa mabungwe ndi kulephera kupanga zazikulu. Izi zidatha pambuyo pa chisankho chachiwiri chomwe chipani cha PP chikutsogola paudindo ngakhale chili ndi zonyansa, zomwe zikuwonetsetsa kuti chikuthandizira bata komanso kubwezeretsa chuma.

2017. PSOE imayang'ana malo ake. Party Yotchuka ikuyesera kuthana ndi zonyansa zake zazikulu. Vuto la gulu lodziyimira pawokha la Catalan likufika kumapeto. Zokayikitsa zambiri za komwe Spain ikupita.