[Wapadera] Al Hoceima: Kuponderezedwa kwa Morocco pamaso pa 'Berber spring'.

Kale zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kuyambira chiyambi cha Arab Spring ku Tunisia, komwe kudzipha kwa wamalonda pambuyo poti apolisi adalanda katundu wake ndi katundu wake adayambitsa zionetsero zingapo za anthu akumayiko achiarabu aku North Africa ndi Persian Gulf motsutsana ndi kuponderezedwa kwa maboma awo ndi atsogoleri awo.

Chisokonezochi chinakula mosagwirizana m'mayiko osiyanasiyana kumene zionetserozo zinkachitika, zomwe zinayambitsa kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.

Mtsinje wa Arabu unafika kudziko loyandikana nalo la Morocco kwambiri mu February 2011 pambuyo pa kuphedwa kwa achinyamata angapo monga ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi kusalingana kwa anthu (ngakhale ndizowona kuti mu 2010 panali zionetsero zamphamvu m'gawo la Western Sahara zomwe zinatha mkangano woopsa ndi akuluakulu a boma la Morocco omwe adatha kuwaletsa ndi kupondereza kwakukulu). Pa nthawiyi mfumu ya Morocco, Mohamed VI adalengeza kusintha kwa malamulo kuti asangalatse zionetserozo posonkhanitsa zina mwazofuna zawo zomwe zidakhazikitsa bata.

Koma osati kukhala m’malo amtendere, m’miyezi yaposachedwa Ufumu wa Morocco wakumana ndi mkangano watsopano umene ukuwopseza kusokoneza udindo wa dzikolo m’mabwalo a mayiko kuwonjezera pa kusokoneza fano la Mfumu yake: Mkangano wa Rif ndi ziwonetsero ku Al Hoceima.

Kuti timvetsetse chiyambi cha mkangano pakati pa Boma la Rabat ndi Rif, tiyenera kubwerera kuzaka zapakati pazaka zapitazi ndikuwona mbiri yake yaposachedwa, komanso kuwonetsa zambiri zamalo, ndale, ndi maulamuliro omwe amapanga izi. gawo makamaka lotsutsana.

The Rif ndi gawo lalikulu lomwe limadutsa m'mphepete mwa nyanja kumpoto kwa Morocco. kuchokera ku Yebala kupita kumalire ndi Algeria, kuphatikiza madera angapo a ulamuliro wa Spain monga mzinda wodzilamulira wa Melilla kapena Rock of Alhucemas.

Ndi chiwerengero cha anthu ambiri berber, anthu ambiri okhala m’derali ndi a fuko limeneli ndipo amasunga chinenero cha Riffian Tarifit monga chinenero chawo, chimene chimagwirizana ndi Chiarabu ndipo, pang’ono, Chifalansa ndi Chispanya.

Kumalo kumaphatikizapo zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi (Taza, Berkane, Driouch, Oujda, Nador ndi Al Hoceima) motero zimaphatikizapo matauni monga Al Hoceima, Melilla kapena Nador.

Poyang'anira Mu theka loyamba la zaka zapitazi Rif wakhala pansi pa chitetezo cha ku Spain Zogwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti gawo lina la anthu ake linachokera ku kuthamangitsidwa kwa Asilamu ku Iberia pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Mafumu Achikatolika.

Idali gawo lachitetezo mpaka pomwe dziko la Moroccan lidalandira ufulu mu 1956, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa Riff kumawonetsa nthawi zonse. khalidwe lodziimira lolimba ndipo walimbana ndi Spain ndi Morocco kuti apeze ufulu wawo.

Pakati pa 1911 ndi 1921 kukhazikitsidwa kudera la Spanish Protectorate kunayambitsa zipolowe zingapo za Riffian zomwe zidayambitsa nkhondo pakati pa anthu a Berber ndi asitikali aku Spain, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti alengezedwe. Rif Republic mu 1921 pambuyo pa kugonjetsedwa kwa Spanish mu zomwe zimatchedwa Chaka Chaka Tsoka.

Republic iyi idaphatikizapo gawo pakati pa Tetouan ndi Nador, kukhazikitsa likulu lake ku Axdir, ngakhale kokha inakhala kwa zaka 5 mpaka mu 1926 asilikali a ku Spain adauthetsa atagonjetsa a Rifian kumalo otchedwa Alhucemas Landing.

Mu 1956, dziko la Morocco litalandira ufulu wodzilamulira, dziko la Spain linasaina ufulu wa Rif ndikukhala gawo la dziko latsopano la Morocco, Kuyambira nthawi yoyamba madera a Rif adachotsedwa ku moyo wandale wa Morocco. Chifukwa cha zochitikazi, mu 1958 a Rifi anapandukiranso dziko la Morocco, koma Mfumu Hassan II inalamula asilikali ake kuti athetse kupandukako, komwe kunatha ndi kuphedwa kwa 8000 kumbali ya Berber.

Kuyambira pamenepo Boma la Rabat lidaganiza zodzipatula pazachuma, ndale komanso poyera Rif, monga momwe adachotsera zonena zonse za chikhalidwe cha Berber ndi cholinga cha, mu nthawi yapakati, kuthetsa chikhumbo cha dera la ufulu wodzilamulira. Mogwirizana ndi izi, Rabat adaganiza tsutsani mwaukali malingaliro aliwonse otsutsa mu Rif, ndi kukakamizidwa kuti Spain sanapereke liwu kwa anthu Berber ku Melilla.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 80 PSOE idaganiza zopereka Unzika waku Spain kwa othawa kwawo a Rif okhala ku Melilla Ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ambiri a iwo adakhazikika pachilumbachi ndikumenyera kusunga chikhalidwe chawo cha Berber pomwe akupereka mawu ku zofuna za Riffian komanso kuponderezedwa komwe anzawo akuzunzidwa. Ambiri a iwo asonyeza chidwi chawo chogwirizanitsa madera onse a Rif, kuphatikizapo mzinda wa Melilla.

Atafika ku mphamvu ya Mohamed VI, zotsutsana ndi a Rifian zidayamba kuchotsedwa, ngakhale ndizowona kuti. Mu 2008 adaganiza zoletsa chipani chachikulu cha ndale cha Berber zomwe zinakwiyitsa a Rifian.

Koma mkangano waukulu wapano ndi Al Hoceima unayambira October 2016 pamene wogulitsa nsomba anaphwanyidwa mpaka kufa ndi galimoto yotaya zinyalala pamene ankayesa kubweza katundu yemwe apolisi aku Morocco anamulanda.ado, zomwe zinayambitsa zionetsero zazikulu m'chigawo cha Rif ndi mbali ina ya Morocco mu chinachake chomwe chinkawoneka ngati chizindikiro cha kusimidwa kwa chiwerengero cha Rif chifukwa cha zovuta zachuma zomwe akhalamo kwa zaka zoposa theka. zaka zana.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, zionetsero ku Al Hoceima sizinayime, ndipo ngakhale Boma la Rabat lidawona kuti ziwonetserozo ndi zoukira zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa ndi zofuna zakunja, Miyezi ingapo yapitayo adavomereza kuti zopempha za Rif Popular Movement zinali zomveka ndipo adalonjeza kuti adzafulumizitsa ndalama. kumanga zipatala, mayunivesite ndi kukonza zida zachikale za m'derali.

Kutali ndi kudalira mawu a mfumu yawo, ku Al Hoceima zionetsero zinapitilira zomwe Rabat adachita ndikulamula kuti kumangidwa mu May kwa mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Movement, Nasser Zefzafi, yemwe panopa ali m'ndende ku Casablanca komanso anthu ena 100 omwe akugwira nawo ntchito mu Protest Movement amangidwanso.

Pakali pano anthu a Al Hoceima amakhala mumzinda wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba kwambiri ndi apolisi achiwawa ku Morocco, ngakhale kuti ndizosowa kuona tsiku lomwe ziwonetsero, ziwonetsero kapena zipolowe sizilembedwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito utsi wokhetsa misozi kwa maola ambiri motsutsana ndi anthu ochita zionetsero komanso kumangidwa kwa atolankhani angapo omwe amalemba za zipolowezo chifukwa cha 'kulimbikitsa kutenga nawo mbali paziwonetsero' zawonjezera moto.

M'masiku aposachedwa, boma la Morocco lakulitsa njira zake zoletsa ziwonetsero, kuwopseza kuti achotsa chilolezo cha oyendetsa taxi kuti asatenge omwe akufuna kulowa nawo mkangano, kukhazikitsa njira zolowera pakhomo ndi kutuluka kwa Al Hoceima ndi kulepheretsa anthu kupita ku mzinda wonse kuti apewe zithunzi za ziwonetsero zazikulu.

A Riffian, osataya mtima, akutsimikizira kuti sasiya mpaka atamasula omwe adamangidwa chifukwa chochita ziwonetsero (omwe akhala kukhoti kuyambira Meyi) komanso mpaka thandizo lachitukuko ndi kuchotsedwa kwa chigawocho zifika, zomwe zimasemphana maganizo. zokonda za Rabat, yemwe safuna kupereka chithunzi cha kufooka kwa dziko.

Aliyense ali pachiwopsezo chambiri m'miyezi iyi, ngakhale ku Nyumba yachifumu amadziwa kuti ngati Arab Spring idawaphunzitsa kalikonse, ndikuti chilichonse chitha kusintha kwambiri m'maola 48 okha. kusagwirizana kapena kudzutsidwa pamlingo wapadziko lonse lapansi kumatha ngakhale kuthetsa mphamvu zokhazikitsidwa za Mohamed VI, pamene anthu a Rifi amafunitsitsa kuti agwirizane ndi chikhalidwe chawo ndi dziko lonse lapansi ndipo, ndani akudziwa, kupeza ufulu tsiku lina.

Ndipo kupatsidwa izi, kuchokera ku Melilla woyandikana nawo timayang'ana zonse zomwe zimachitika ndi kusatsimikizika kwa zosayembekezereka, kukhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku kutali kwambiri ndi anthu a Rifi ngakhale kuti ali makilomita ambiri, koma zaka zambiri.