[Maganizo] Zolakwika za kusowa kwa kusinthika kwa msika wantchito waku Spain.

[nkhani yolembedwa ndi liber_all]

Flexible: RAE 3. adj. Zimenezo sizimatsatira malamulo okhwima, ziphunzitso kapena zopinga.

Ndizofala kwambiri kwa anthu, makamaka omwe amadzitcha omasuka, kutanthauzira momasuka ku ndondomeko yalamulo yomwe ilibe zopinga ndi malamulo olembera ndi kuchotsa antchito ndi makampani apadera.

Anthuwa akamatchula kukhwima ngati chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ntchito, zomwe amatiuza ndikuti malamulo aku Spain amaletsa kubwereketsa kapena kuwombera.

Kusinthasintha: Kutha kusintha mosavuta ku zochitika zosiyanasiyana kapena kusintha miyezo kuti igwirizane ndi zochitika kapena zosowa zosiyanasiyana.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti msika wantchito waku Spain ndi wosinthika, zotsatira zakusintha kangapo komwe kunachitika zaka 35 zapitazi. Masiku ano, olemba ntchito amatha kuwombera popanda chifukwa chilichonse kapena kulungamitsidwa kupitilira chikhumbo chosavuta kutero ndipo amatha kulemba ganyu ngakhale kwa ola limodzi. Pali mapangano osiyanasiyana omwe amatengera pafupifupi zochitika zonse zomwe wogwira ntchito atha kukhala, amatha kulemba ganyu kwanthawi yayitali koma kwanthawi yayitali, amatha kulemba ganyu kuti agwire ntchito kapena ntchito, m'malo mwa wogwira ntchito wina, kwa nthawi yayitali. .tatsimikiza kuti likhoza kukhala tsiku limodzi, kwa nthawi yosadziŵika,  pangakhalenso zochitika zapadera za ogwira ntchito m'ma internship kapena makontrakiti ophunzitsira.

Zomwezo zimachitika ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito, wogwira ntchito akhoza kuchotsedwa nthawi iliyonse komanso popanda chifukwa chilichonse chosinthanitsa ndi malipiro omwe amangowonjezeredwa ku mtengo wa wogwira ntchitoyo. Malipiro awa akhala akuchepa ndi kusintha kulikonse ndipo palinso zochitika zomwe zimasowa kapena zimachepetsedwa kwambiri. Umu ndi nkhani ya kuchotsedwa ntchito kapena kuchotsedwa ntchito pazifukwa za zolinga.

Choncho, malamulo a ntchito ndi osinthika kwambiri, amasinthasintha mosavuta ku zochitika zosiyana kwambiri, zochitika kapena zosowa.

Funso lotsatira lingakhale, kodi kusinthasintha kwathandiza kuthetsa ulova? Yankho lake mwachionekere ndi loipa monga momwe tikuonera tsiku ndi tsiku. Tikuwona momwe zakhalira m'mbuyomu.

Kusintha kwakukulu kwa ntchito kumawonetsedwa mofiira:

9 October wa 1984

CEOE, UGT ndi Boma la Socialist adasaina Pangano la Economic and Social ndi cholinga cholimbikitsa ntchito ndipo adaganiza zotsegula zitseko zolembera anthu ntchito kwakanthawi.

http://elpais.com/diario/1984/10/10/economia/466210807_850215.html

13 junio 1994

Unali kusintha kwakukulu kwantchito pamsika wantchito waku Spain, wolimbikitsidwa ndi Boma la Socialist popanda kutenga nawo gawo kwa mabungwe.

Njira zatsopanozi zidayimilira kupumula kwa ma contract ndi malamulo a mgwirizano wamagulu. Makampani adapatsidwa chida chatsopano, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zimayambitsa kuchotsedwa ntchito chifukwa cha zamakono kapena zachuma zomwe zimayambitsa mphamvu ya majeure, ndipo kuyenda kwa ntchito ndi malo kunavomerezedwa chifukwa cha luso, bungwe ndi zachuma. Pangano latsopano lophunzirira linapangidwa, lotchedwa junk contract, lomwe limayang'anira mabungwe ogwirira ntchito osakhalitsa (ETT).

http://elpais.com/diario/1994/06/14/economia/771544808_850215.html

28 April 1997

Mabungwe a CEOE ndi CEPYME olemba anzawo ntchito komanso mabungwe a UGT ndi CCOO adasaina Mgwirizano wa Kukhazikika kwa Ntchito ndi Kukambirana Kwapagulu, womwe ungakhale wovomerezeka kwa zaka zinayi. Mgwirizanowu udagawidwa m'magawo atatu: njira zothana ndi vuto la ntchito, kusintha kwa mgwirizano wamagulu ndi kuwunikira mipata yoyendetsera ntchito. Chigwirizanocho chinayambitsa mgwirizano watsopano wosagwirizana ndi malipiro ochepa (masiku 33 poyerekeza ndi 45 omwe akugwira ntchito). Kulemba anthu ntchito kosatha kunakhala kotchipa

http://elpais.com/diario/1997/04/29/economia/862264820_850215.html

Kuwerengera nthawi kwathunthu kungapezeke apa http://economia.elpais.com/economia/2010/06/15/actualidad/1276587186_850215.html

Mndandanda womwe umaphatikizapo graph umangobwerera ku 2004 koma tonse tikudziwa nkhaniyi. Kuwonjezeka kwankhanza kwa kusowa kwa ntchito ndi kusintha kwatsopano kwa ntchito ndi Zapatero ku 2009 zomwe sizinalepheretse ntchito kuti isapitirire kuwonongedwa pamlingo waukulu kwambiri kwa zaka zambiri za 3.

6 March wa 2009

Council of Ministers idavomerezedwa ndi Decree-Law miyeso isanu ndi umodzi yodabwitsa yosamalira ndi kukwezera ntchito komanso kuteteza anthu omwe alibe ntchito poganizira kuti malingalirowo anali atakambirana kale mokwanira pa tebulo la zokambirana za anthu.

http://elpais.com/diario/2009/03/07/economia/1236380402_850215.html

Chidule cha zaka 35 izi ndikuyesetsa mosalekeza kuthandizira kuchotsedwa ntchito ndi kulemba ganyu, njira zosalunjika zolimbikitsa ntchito monga kuchepetsa zopereka, njira zokhala ndi malipiro, ndi zina zambiri. Mwachidule, kuwonjezeka kusinthasintha.

Komabe, sitingathe kuwona ubale wochititsa chidwi pakati pa izi ndi kuchepa kwa kusowa kwa ntchito; palibe chomwe chinachitika ndipo patatha zaka 35 zosinthika, kusowa kwa ntchito kumakhala kosalekeza muzachuma cha ku Spain ndipo kuchuluka kwa ntchito kumakhudzidwa kwambiri. kukula kwachuma.

Choncho n’zosamveka kuumirira kuti pakhale kusinthasintha kowonjezereka kothetsa vuto pamene zaka 35 zakuchitikira zatisonyeza kuti zochita zoterozo n’zopanda ntchito.

Apa m'pofunika kufotokozera chinachake, mutu wakuti "zonyenga za kusowa kusinthasintha kwa msika wa ntchito ku Spain" ndizowona pang'ono chifukwa zimangotanthauza zomwe anthu ambiri amamvetsetsa ndi "kusinthasintha", zomwe zakhala zikuchitika. ndinayankhula mpaka pano. Koma izi zimangotanthauza kusinthasintha kwakunja, mwachiwonekere kupezeka pamsika womwe ntchito za 2 miliyoni zitha kuwonongedwa ndikupangidwanso m'zaka za 6 zokha, ndipo siziganizira kusinthasintha kwamkati, chomwe chili chofunikira kwambiri komanso komwe chingakhale chifukwa chenicheni. za ulova wanthawi zonse.

Ndikupangira kuwerenga izi, sizotalika komanso ndizolunjika. Kuchokera m'chikalatachi ndikutulutsa malingaliro otsatirawa.

https://www.uam.es/otros/jaeet13/comunicaciones/14_Macroeconomia_y_MT1/Lebrancon_Nieto.pdf

Zomwe tikuwona patebulo ndi graph ndi kuchuluka kwa maola omwe amagwira ntchito kwa wogwira ntchito aliyense komanso kusiyanasiyana kwa maola omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nthawi ya 2007 - 2011, mkati mwazovuta.

Mu 2007/2008 zinthu zidasokonekera ndipo panthawi yamavuto ulova unakula koma maola ogwira ntchito pamunthu aliyense adakwera, mosiyana ndi mayiko ambiri a OECD. Izi zikuwonetsa chikhalidwe cha msika wa ntchito za ku Spain, zimatha kuwononga ndi kupanga ntchito mwamsanga koma sizigwira ntchito bwino pakugawa ntchito.

Chiwerengero cha kusowa kwa ntchito chikuwonetsedwa pansipa ndi malingaliro awiri omwe ntchito ndi anthu ogwira ntchito zimasungidwa koma chikhalidwe cha kuchepa kwa maola ogwira ntchito chikupitirirabe.

Koma ndichifukwa chiyani kuthekera kwachuma ku Spain kugawa ntchitoyo kuli kochepa?

Chifukwa chimodzi chingapezeke pamlingo wamalonda.

Tiyerekeze kuti tikuyesera kugawa ntchito yomwe yapatsidwa pakati pa antchito ena. Kampani ingafunike antchito 51 poyambirira ndi 17 yachiwiri, kuti athe kuwonjezera antchito ake ndi watsopano. Ntchitoyi yachitika poganiza kuti kampaniyo siingathe kusintha kuchuluka kwa ntchito yake komanso kuti ogwira ntchito onse amasiya nthawi yomweyo mpaka malo atsopano atapatsidwa ndandanda yofanana ndi yawo. Kuphatikizika kwa maudindo okhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana sikuganiziridwa apa. Pachiyambi choyamba, ndi tsiku logwira ntchito la maola 33,8, ogwira ntchito 52 sumarAnali maola okwana 51 ndi tsiku lenileni: maola 1.756. Pachiwonetsero chachiwiri, ogwira ntchito a 18 pa 32 ndi theka amatha kufika pa ntchito yofanana ndi 17 pa 35,4: maola 585 pa sabata. Mu 2011 ku Spain, pakati pa 6 ndi 6,5% yokha yamakampani okhala ndi antchito anali ndi antchito ofanana kapena oposa 17. Makampani okhala ndi antchito opitilira 50 anali ochepa: 1,7 peresenti yokha. Ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti 55% yamakampani anali eni eni okha mu 2011, chifukwa chake analibe antchito, komanso kuti m'zaka zam'mbuyomu za kukulitsa chiwerengerochi sichinatsikepo 51%. Kuphatikiza apo, mwamakampani omwe ali ndi antchito, pafupifupi 80% yaiwo ali ndi antchito a anthu 5 kapena kuchepera. Miyezo iyi imachepetsa kwambiri kuthekera kwamakampani kugawanso ntchito zawo mkati.

Ndipotu, kukula kwa makampani, nkhani yoiwalika kwathunthu, imadutsa vuto la kusinthasintha kwa ntchito ndipo imagwirizana kwambiri ndi zokolola, ndalama mu R & D, chizolowezi chotumizira kunja, zonsezo zoperewera za chuma cha Spain poyerekeza ndi chilengedwe.

Zinazo zimapezeka m'magulu amalonda.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa olemba ntchito ku makontrakitala anthawi yochepa komanso njira zina zosinthira mkati, zomwe zikutanthauza kugawa nthawi ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito, zitha kuchepetsedwa pazifukwa zitatu. Yoyamba imatanthawuza chizolowezi kapena chizolowezi chomwe ntchito yanthawi yochepa imakhala yofanana ndi magawo, ntchito ndi magulu ena.

Chifukwa chachiwiri chikugwirizana ndi kuphweka kwa kuwerengera ndi kukhazikitsa kuchotsedwa ntchito monga njira yosinthira. Wolemba ntchito akakhala kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa ntchito kapena kuchuluka kwa malipiro, zimakhala zosavuta komanso nthawi yomweyo kulola kuti kontrakitala yosakhalitsa ithe kapena kuthamangitsa wogwira ntchito m'modzi kapena angapo kusiyana ndi kuyamba kuwerengeranso maola ndi malipiro kuti ogwira ntchito asathe.

Chifukwa chachitatu ndi chokhudzana ndi chomaliza. Kuthekera kwa kuchotsedwa ntchito kumatha kukhala ndi chilangizo kwa ogwira ntchito.

Ziwiri mwazifukwa zitatuzi zikukhudzana ndi kuwirikiza kwa msika wantchito, kupangidwa kwapawiri kopangidwa mwamalamulo komanso komwe kumaphatikizapo mavuto ena monga kusinthasintha kwakukulu komanso kusowa kwaukadaulo, kufooka kwa mgwirizano pakati pa wogwira ntchito ndi kampani yake, ndi zina.

Pomaliza, pamene kusinthasintha kwasankhidwa kukhala chifukwa / yankho la kusowa kwa ntchito (mwachiwonekere sizinthu zokhazo zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa, tidzasiya nkhani ya malipiro ochepa kuti tilowenso kwina) tiyenera kuyang'ana pa miyeso yomwe imalimbikitsa kusinthasintha kwa mkati, makamaka kudzera mumikhalidwe yomwe ikufuna kukulitsa kukula kwamakampani ndikuwongolera mabotolo ovomerezeka omwe apangitsa kuti msika wantchito ukhale wapawiri popanda izi kutanthauza kuchepetsedwa kwa chitetezo chantchito (chosowa kale).