Chilichonse chomwe chidzachitike pa 28A, d'Hont sichidzakhala ndi mlandu

Chisankho chachikulu chidzachitika pa 28. tidzasankha 350 wachiwiri ndi chigawo cha chisankho ndi m'chigawo.

Chifukwa chake, chinthu choyamba ndikugawa nduna 350 m'zigawo zosiyanasiyana. Kodi zimachitika bwanji? ¿Ndi zingati zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chilichonse?? Chomveka chingakhale kuwagawa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwawo. Chabwino ayi. Asanagawa mipando malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu, Atsogoleri awiri a "mphatso" amaikidwa pambali pachigawo chilichonse, kuphatikiza imodzi ya Ceuta ndi ina ya Melilla. Izi zimatipatsa nduna 102 kugawidwa mofanana pakati pa zigawo. Mwanjira imeneyi, iwo amakhalabe kuti apatsidwe 248 wachiwiri que inde amagawidwa mofanana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu. Izi zikachitika, Madrid, mwachitsanzo, imapeza nduna za 37 (2 okhazikika kuphatikiza 35 chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake), ndi Soria 2 (2 yokhazikika ndipo palibe chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake).

Zotsatira za ndondomekoyi ndizo zigawo zomwe zili ndi anthu ochepa zimapindula. Izi zimawononga kuchuluka kwa zisankho zathu: kuyambira pachiyambi, kuchuluka kwa mavoti kumayiko onse sikungafanane ndi kuchuluka kwa mipando, chifukwa Soria, Teruel kapena Guadalajara ali ndi kulemera kochulukirapo kuposa zomwe zingagwirizane nazo, pomwe Madrid, Barcelona. kapena Málaga ali ndi zochepa. Pali a kusiyana bwino kwambiri pakati pa chiwerengero cha nduna amene Ndiyenera kutero chigawo chilichonse ngati tidatumikira anthu ake ndi amene ali nazodi:

Kusokoneza uku Palibe chochita ndi dongosolo la d'Hondt. Zikukhudzana ndi mfundo yoti tikadapereka nduna ziwiri kuchigawo chilichonse ngakhale palibe munthu m'modzi yemwe amakhala m'chigawo chilichonse.

Chiwerengero cha nduna chikaperekedwa, maphwando amapereka mndandanda wawo. Ku Barcelona, mndandanda wokhala ndi mayina 32. Ku Teruel, imodzi yokhala ndi 3. Iwo ndi mindandanda yotsekedwa, kutanthauza kuti, ovota amavota ngati mdadada ndipo sangadutse kapena kuyika aliyense patsogolo, komanso kusankha anthu omwe ali pamindandanda iwiri yosiyana. Mumavotera mndandanda wa zipani ndipo palibenso china. Mavotiwo akaponyedwa, amawerengedwa ndipo Wachiwiriwo amagawidwa molingana ndi zipani zonse zomwe zimaposa 3% ya mavoti ovomerezeka mchigawo chimenecho.

Pali cholakwika apa! Kodi kugawidwa “molingana” ndi chiyani? Tazolowera kuwerenga m'manyuzipepala kuti ku Spain otchedwa malamulo ndi Hondt. Ndipo aliyense amaganiza kuti ndi malamulo molingana pang'ono. Sizili chonchi?

Malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha d'Hondt, mpaka woyamba wa mndandanda kuchokera ku chipani chilichonse m'chigawo chilichonse mavoti onse aperekedwa zomwe zayikidwa mokomera chipanicho. Chachiwiri, theka. Wachitatu, wachitatu. Ndi zina zotero, nthawi zambiri chigawochi chili ndi oimira. Ndiye ngati chipani chapeza mavoti 100.000 ku Madrid, chachiwiri pamndandanda wake chikumveka kuti chalandira 50.000, chachitatu 33.333 ndipo chakhumi, 10.000. Chifukwa chake, onse omwe ali pamndandanda onse atha kupatsidwa mavoti angapo. Chotsatira, chomwe chatsala ndikusankha nduna za atatu, kapena asanu ndi atatu, kapena makumi atatu ndi asanu ndi awiri omwe ali ndi mavoti ochuluka (monga momwe aphungu ambiri amasankhidwa kuchigawo chimenecho).

Pali njira zina zambiri zoyesera kugawa molingana, koma nthawi zonse amapereka zotsatira zofanana kapena zofanana ndi njirayi. Lamulo la d'Hont ndilabwino, ndipo mavoti a maphwando ang'onoang'ono samapita "mu zinyalala" chifukwa cha iwo: amatayika chifukwa palibe mipando yokwanira yogawira.

kotero vuto si d'Hondt. Vuto ndiloti tili ndi zigawo zambiri zokhala ndi achiwiri ochepa mu aliyense. Ngati tifuna kuti tikwaniritse mulingo wabwino madera ayenera kupangidwa ndi nduna khumi kapena kupitilira apo, kapena kukhazikitsa mndandanda umodzi wolipira pamlingo wa boma, kapena yambitsani "mipando yowonjezera" kuti ipereke chindapusa, kapena… kuchita zina. Koma, malinga ngati tili ndi madera ang’onoang’ono ochuluka chonchi, mavoti ambiri apitirizabe kupita “mu zinyalala.” Ndi d'Hondt komanso wopanda d'Hondt.

Mpaka zisankho izi, a owona mwayi kudzera mu dongosolo iwo akhala onse zipani zazikulu za dziko (omwe amapeza mavoti opitilira 25%), pomwe ambiri kuonongeka ndi maphwando ang'onoang'ono omwe amawonekera ku Spain konse (omwe amapeza mavoti ochepera 10%). Pamwambowu, ngati pali maphwando ambiri omwe ali ndi mwayi ndipo maperesenti akufanana, zotsatira zake zidzafanananso, ndipo zotayika za ena m'madera ena zidzalipidwa ndi za ena mwa ena ... pokhapokha patakhala wotchuka. , amene adzaika chiyanjo chake kukhala mbali yaikulu ya ubwino, zimene ambiri mosayenera amazitcha “zotsalira.”

Koma za maphwando achigawo, zotsatira zake zimakhala zofanana kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, dongosololi limawakomera ngati ali oyamba m'zigawo zawo, ndipo limawasokoneza ngati ali achitatu kapena achinayi. Koma, mulimonse mmene zingakhalire, zopatuka zimene akupereka n’zong’ono poyerekezera ndi zipani za dziko, kumene kuli vuto lenileni. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri zimanenedwa, Dongosolo lachisankho la ku Spain siliyika patsogolo zipani zadziko.

Pomaliza, lamulo lathu limakhazikitsa a 3% malire osachepera kotero kuti mndandanda ukhoza kuganiziridwa pogawa mipando m'chigawo. Awa ndi malire m'malo okongoletsa: ku Madrid ndi Barcelona kokha kumene phwando lokhala ndi mavoti osachepera 3% kutaya woimira chifukwa cha izi.