Hambela ngaphaya, Montenegro! (Ibali elincinci malunga ne-NATO)

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) yazalwa emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II njengoko indlela yokuzikhusela yamazwe aseNtshona ngokuchasene namandla eSoviet Union. Kwelinye icala, amaRussia ahlanganisa amazwe awo akwisathelayithi kwesinye isivumelwano somkhosi esifanayo: esaseWarsaw. Yayiyinto ebizwa ngokuba “yimfazwe ebandayo”.

Emva kokuchithwa kwebloc yaseSoviet ekuqaleni kwenkqubo kwiminyaka yama-90, I-NATO yashiywa yodwa njengombutho onxibelelanisa umkhosi wamazwe aphuhlileyo, kwaye kwandiswe kumazwe aseMpuma Yurophu (ngaphandle kweRashiya).

I-NATO ngoku inamazwe angama-28, kwaye abaninzi ngakumbi bangabaviwa abomeleleyo ukujoyina umbutho. Ngokubanzi, imvakalelo ngakuyo kuwo onke amazwe angamalungu ilungile. Kukho ukukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba i-NATO i-ambulera ekhusela wonke umntu ngokuchasene nobundlobongela obunokwenzeka. Makhe sibone eminye imizekelo:

Iyamangalisa indlela iSpain kuphela kwelizwe apho izimvo zoluntu zahlulwe ngokwenene. Ngoba? Mhlawumbi le enye igrafu iya kuyicacisa kancinane:

Kuyo yonke iYurophu abantu abagcinayo bathanda kakhulu i-NATO kunasekhohlo. Kodwa eSpeyin umahluko phakathi ekunene nasekhohlo uphezulu kakhulu, kananjalo ilizwe ngokubanzi lithambekele kwizikhundla ezichaseneyo.

ISpeyin ngexesha lolawulo lukaFranco yavalwa ukuba ijoyine le ntlangano (kunye nabanye abaninzi), ngenxa yokugatywa ngamazwe ngamazwe. Kunjalo ngoba, umba we-NATO uphakanyiswe eSpain kade kakhulu, xa yayisele ingaphezu kokucingelwa kwamanye amazwe asentshona. Lathi lakufika ixesha, phakathi ko-1977 no-1981, ingeniso yethu enokwenzeka isetyenziswe ngasekhohlo ukuhlasela oorhulumente be-UCD, abavakalisa (ngoloyiko, ngokungathi baneentloni) umnqweno wabo wokufaka iSpeyin kwiqela.

Kuphela ngasekhohlo bathetha nge "NATO", ehlala ithoni engalunganga. Ilungelo lazibonakalisa ngokuthanda, kodwa kancinci. C.Besazi ukuba baphulukene nedabi lokufuna izimvo zoluntu, abazange babe nasibindi sokucela amalungu. Kuphela kuxa iinzame zobhukuqo-mbuso luka-23-F (1981) lwenzeka, apho uMongameli uCalvo Sotelo walithatha inyathelo, ethatha ithuba loloyiko oluhlaziyiweyo lomkhosi ukuze anyanzelise ukungena kwethu kwisakhiwo esinokuvumela "idemokhrasi" yomkhosi, ukwabelana ngobuchule, izimo zengqondo kunye neendlela zokusebenza kunye "noogxa" beminye imikhosi yaseYurophu. Ekugqibeleni, ISpeyin yajoyina ngoDisemba 1981.

Kodwa uluvo loluntu (abashiywe ngaphandle kokugwetywa, kunye nelungelo elithile lokucaphuka kwiminyaka yokuvalelwa ngenkani) yaqhubeka isoyisa kakhulu ngokuchasene nokuba lilungu leqela lomkhosi. Umbutho wamaSoshiyali wasebenzisa elo thuba, kunye nenkokeli yawo, uFelipe González, wathembisa kwinkqubo yakhe yonyulo lowe-1982 ukubamba ireferendum "yokuphuma" yombutho.

Emva kokuba kuphumelele unyulo luka-1982, kwabanjwa uvoto yamiswa. Urhulumente we-PSOE waqaphela iingenelo ezithile ezibandakanya ubulungu, kunye nesaci esidala esithi "NATO, akukho ukungena," wayefanelekile, de wakhokelela, ngokuhleba, kwenye: "NATO, akukho kuphuma, nokuba".

Ingxaki yayikukuba kwakukho ukuzinikela okuqinileyo ekubizeni uvoto, kwaye igama elinikiweyo kwakufuneka ligcinwe. Ukuzinikela kuye kwafezekiswa, phantse ekupheleni kwendlu yowiso-mthetho, nge wabhukuqa umongameli karhulumente, phantse wedwa, kweli phulo ngokuthanda "ewe". ilungelo le Umanyano lwaBantu ukubheja, kwisijekulo esingaqhelekanga, kuba ukungahoyi.

Iipowusta zePSOE. Ngowe-1981 nangowe-1985.

Le meko yaphelela ekuguquleni into eyayingumcimbi wengxoxo kawonkewonke ibe yinto ukucela umngeni kumntu kamongameli karhulumente.

Intshukumo yayiyinkosi: abalungileyo abantu abaninzi abachasayo bawuthobela umyalelo wokuba bangayi kuvota, kodwa abanye abaninzi baye baya, ukuze bakhusele oko bakuqonda ukuba kulungile, kwaye bavote phantse ngamxhelo-mnye bexhasa ukuhlala. abasekhohloKwelabo icala, bohlukene phakathi kwabo balandela izigwebo zabo kwaye bavote "hayi", kunye nabo bathe balandela izigwebo zabo baginya kakhulu bagqiba kwelokuba bangayishiyi inkokeli yodwa ebengekaphenduleki.

UGonzález ukwazile ukuthi ewe "kwi-Alliance" (ngee-nuances, kunye nogcino, ngaphandle kokudityaniswa "kwisakhiwo somkhosi") uza kuphumelela ukuya ku-"hayi" ngamanqaku alishumi elinesithathu omahluko.

Uninzi lwabemi lwaqhubeka luchasene ne-NATO, kodwa ubuntu benkokeli bomelele. Siqhubeleka ngaphakathi.

Emva koko, ukuchithwa kweeblocs zeMfazwe ebandayo (1945-1991) abemi baseSpeyin, ngokuthe ngcembe, bebengawukhathaleli lo mbandela, yaye ukugatywa kwalo mbutho womkhosi kuye kwathamba. Kodwa nangona kunjalo, mhlawumbi silelona lizwe lilungu lithandabuzayo malunga nalo. Lowo wayenako, wagcina. Ukuba iPoland yilizwe elinjalo le-NATO, umzekelo, likwachazwa yimbali yalo. Kule meko, ichazwa ngamashumi amathathu eminyaka edlulileyo, apho uye walawula, njengempendulo echasene neyakhe yangaphambili, i-anti-communism-anti-Russia.

Kwaye ngoku kwenzeka ntoni nge-NATO?

Kwenzeka ukuba kwelinye icala leAtlantiki, umhlobo omkhulu (iunited States) yenza ingxaki. Iingxaki ezinkulu. Makhe sijonge igrafu engentla, le inemivalo: phaya, eMelika, ngabagcini abachasene kakhulu ne-NATO, ngelixa "ekhohlo" yeyona pro-Atlantic ehlabathini. Inokwenzeka njani? Yale:

Umthombo: Bloomberg nge @politibot

Amahlakani aseYurophu (ingakumbi lawo asentshona, lawo akufutshane neRashiya, anabantu abaninzi abachasene nomkhosi) sisebenzise umbutho "njengesingxengxezo" sokuchitha imali efanelekileyo kwimicimbi yasemkhosini. Kwezinye iimeko, njengeSpain, idatha icacile. abanye kwi I-United States iye yakhalaza ixesha elithile ukuba kufuneka icinge ukuba yodwa yokukhusela iNtshona (ngaphandle okuphawulekayo "kumhlobo waseBritani"). Ngokungathandabuzekiyo bayazibaxa izinto, kodwa kukho inyaniso ethile kwisikhalazo sabo. Mongameli UTrump ubeka isikhalo esibhakabhakeni, ebonisa ukuba isimo sengqondo se-cocky sakho, ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ukuba, ngaphandle kwemali, kukho ezinye izizathu zokuba kunokuba sengqiqweni ukucela ilizwe lakho ukuba lenze umgudu omkhulu kunabanye.

Yiyo loo nto, kwindibano yayizolo ye-NATO, okwenzekileyo kwenzekile, kwaye abanye bakholelwa ukuba banelungelo lokuba kumqolo ongaphambili.

Ke ezinye zezijekulo zikaTrump zinokuba nengcaciso yazo. Enye into kukuba banezithethe.