[Special 20D] Unyaka owodwa kusukela ekupheleni kwesistimu yezinhlangano ezimbili.

#### Lesi isihloko somsebenzisi u-Alfademokratia ####

Namuhla, uLwesibili, Disemba 20, 2016, uphawula unyaka owodwa kusukela Okhethweni Lukazwelonke lwaseSpain lwango-2015, olwaziwa nangokuthi "20D".
Nakuba bekungelona ukhetho lokugcina olubanjwe kuleli zwe, kuyiqiniso ukuthi bamake ngaphambi nangemuva kwezombusazwe zaseSpain, futhi bangase bakhumbuleke kakhulu emashumini eminyaka ezayo ngoshintsho ababelumele ebhodini lezombangazwe laseSpain. .

I-PP kanye ne-PSOE, amaqembu amabili okwathi kusukela ngo-1982 athole amavoti angaphezu kwesigamu okhethweni ngalunye kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ehlele ku-50,72% wesamba esewonke. Okubizwa ngokuthi “amaqembu asafufusa” kwavela ngamandla: Podemos and C’s.

Ngakho, ukhetho lukazwelonke lwanqotshwa i-Popular Party (kanye nemifelandawonye ne-UPN, i-FAC ne-PAR) ngamavoti angu-28,71% nezihlalo ezingu-123 kuCongress of Deputies, ilahlekelwe ngamaphesenti angu-16,30 nezihlalo ezingu-64. mayelana nokhetho lukazwelonke lwango-2011. Lalandelwa yi-Spanish Socialist Workers Party (okuhlanganisa i-PSC kanye nomfelandawonye ne-NC) ngamavoti angu-22,01% nezihlalo ezingu-90, okushiya amaphuzu angu-6,80 nezihlalo ezingu-20 nokuzuza umphumela omubi kakhulu. emlandweni wayo kusukela ngeNguquko. Okwesithathu kwakuyi-Podemos kanye nokuhlangana kwayo (En Comú Podem, Compromís-Vamos-És el Moment kanye ne-En Marea), ethole izihlalo ezingu-20,68% nezingu-69 kuCongress. Abakwa-C baphume endaweni yesine ngamavoti angu-13,94% nezihlalo ezingu-40. Igumbi elisele lakhiwe i-IU (2), ERC (9), i-DiL (8), i-PNV (6), i-EHBildu (2) ne-CC (1).

I-PSOE iwine emiphakathini ezimele yase-Andalusia nase-Extremadura, kwathi i-Podemos yawina eCatalonia nase-Basque Country. I-PP iyona ethole amavoti amaningi kweyishumi nanhlanu yokuzimela esele. Ngokunjalo, i-PP iwine ezifundazweni ezingamashumi amathathu nesikhombisa, i-PSOE kweziyisithupha, iPodemos kwezine, iDiL kabili kanye nePNV kwesinye.

Ukuwa kwe-PP, PSOE, IU kanye ne-UPyD, ukuvela kwamaqembu amabili asafufusa, ama-Podemos nama-C, kanye nokwehluka kwezibikezelo zokhetho phakathi kwezinyanga ngisho nezinsuku (ikakhulukazi phakathi no-2015) kugqame ocwaningweni.
Kodwa-ke, ngicabanga ukuthi iningi labafundi balesi sihloko lizokwaziswa kahle ngakho konke okuxoxwe ngakho kuze kube manje futhi abaningi bazobe belandele lezi zingxoxo kule nkundla. Ake sigxile-ke kulokho okwenzeke kulo nyaka futhi sibuyele emuva ngobusuku bango-December 20, 2015.

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December 20 we-2015

U-Mariano Rajoy uphumela kuvulandi we-Génova 13 futhi uthi i-PP iphumelele ukhetho, ngaphandle kokugqamisa ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kokusekelwa kweqembu lakhe. Kusukela ngomzuzu wokuqala iphakamisa umfelandawonye omkhulu amanye amazwe ase-Europe anawo kuhulumeni. U-Pedro Sánchez, e-Ferraz, unikeza inkulumo lapho engavumi noma yikuphi ukunqotshwa naphezu kokuzuza imiphumela emibi kakhulu emlandweni we-PSOE kuze kube manje, lapho ephikisana ngokuqondile nohulumeni omusha we-PP. U-Iglesias ubona lokho ayekulindele kudlule kude kakhulu, kuyilapho u-Rivera enikeza inkulumo enethoni ephansi ephendula imiphumela ethize edumazayo.

December 23 we-2015
U-Mariano Rajoy no-Pedro Sánchez bahlangana e-Moncloa ukuze bahlole isithembiso esanikezwa owokuqala kumasocialists (umfelandawonye omkhulu). Unobhala jikelele we-PSOE uyenqaba ngokuphelele.

December 28 we-2015
I-Federal Committee ye-PSOE, usuku olubalulekile lokubunjwa kukahulumeni. Lapho kunqunywa iningi ukuthi "umugqa obomvu" wezenhlalakahle ukuze ufinyelele isivumelwano nePodemos kuyoba ukubanjwa kwenhlolovo eCatalonia, okuzodlula izingxoxo ezinyangeni ezizayo.

UJanuwari 13 we-2016
Umthethosisekelo weCortes. I-PP, i-PSOE kanye ne-C iyavumelana etafuleni likaKhongolose futhi u-Patxi López uqokwa njengoMongameli wendlu ephansi. U-Bescansa uyisa indodana yakhe emcimbini, okudala impikiswano ekamelweni. Kamuva, kuzoba nezinkinga futhi ngokusatshalaliswa kwamaqembu ephalamende kuCongress, ekuqaleni ukuthumela iPodemos-En Comú Podem-En Marea Group “ehhokweni lezinkukhu.”

UJanuwari 22 we-2016

Umzuliswano wokuqala kaFelipe VI wokuxhumana nabaholi bezepolitiki abakhulu uphetha ngamaqiniso ambalwa abalulekile. U-Pablo Iglesias wazisa iNkosi ngesiphakamiso sayo sokuvumelana ngohulumeni ne-PSOE, i-IU kanye nama-nationalists ngaphandle kokukhuluma ngaphambili noSánchez; Lapho ezwa lezi zindaba, kwamxaka ukuthi uPodemos usevele wasabalalisa izinkonzo. Usuku luphetha ngokuncipha kukaMariano Rajoy, umongameli obambile, esiphakamisweni seNkosi sokuba abe yilungu leHhovisi Likahulumeni Likahulumeni: "Anginakho ukwesekwa okwanele (...)". Ezinsukwini kamuva, iSilo sizoqala kabusha ukubonisana.

I-2 February ka-2016
Umjikelezo wesibili wokubonisana kuka-HM King Felipe VI uyaphela, okhetha u-Pedro Sánchez njengomuntu ongenele isikhundla sikaMongameli Kahulumeni. UNobhala Jikelele we-PSOE uzoba namasonto ambalwa ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni esizomvumela ukuthi anqobe iningi eliphelele kuCongress noma, uma ehluleka, azuze ama-esees amaningi kunama-noes ekamelweni.

I-23 February ka-2016
U-Pedro Sánchez, ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa okuxhumana phakathi kwama-Podemos, C kanye nama-nationalists, umemezela isivumelwano phakathi kwe-PSOE ne-C's. U-Albert Rivera uhlangana nonobhala jikelele we-PSOE ngemuva kokufinyelela esivumelwaneni nokudala indatshana ehlanganisa izindlela zohlelo zikahulumeni wazo zombili izinhlangothi. I-PSOE icela ama-Podemos ukuthi ayeke, kuyilapho ama-C enza okufanayo nge-PP; Kodwa-ke, akekho kulawa amanye amaqembu amabili (i-PP kanye ne-Podemos) ozonquma ukuhoxa ekutshalweni kwemali.

I-28 February ka-2016
Imiphumela yereferendamu ebanjelwe ku-PSOE yokugunyaza isivumelwano sokubunjwa kwayo nama-C iyamenyezelwa. Embuzweni othi “Ingabe uyazisekela izivumelwano zokwakha uhulumeni othuthukayo noshintshayo?”, ama-78,94% amasosha athi “Yebo”, uma kuqhathaniswa nama-21,06% aphendula ngokuthi “Cha”. Ukubamba iqhaza kungama-51,68%.

Mashi 1-4, 2016

Ukutshalwa kwezimali kukaPedro Sánchez kwenzeka ngoMashi 1, 2 no-4. Phakathi naso, i-PSOE kanye no-C banxusa amanye amaqembu ukuba agweme: i-PSOE "ixoshe i-PP kuhulumeni" futhi, i-C, "ukuvula izwe." Bobabili i-PP kanye namaPodemos bavikela ukwenqaba kwabo isivumelwano. I-PP ibheka isivumelwano phakathi kwe-PSOE-C "i-farce", kuyilapho i-Podemos yenqaba ukugodla ngoba lokhu kungasho ukusekela "uhlelo lwelungelo lesikhungo."
Ivoti lokuqala (ngoMashi 2), lapho iningi eliphelele lalidingeka khona, laphetha ngamavoti angu-130 avumayo, angu-219 aphikisana naleli kanye nelilodwa laphika. Ngo-Mashi 1, i-PSOE yazama ukusondela ku-Podemos "in extremis" ngokuphakamisa izinyathelo ezengeziwe zenhlalo; Kodwa-ke, i-Podemos ibheke njengenganele futhi u-C wathi uSánchez wayengenabo ubuqiniso bokuphakamisa lawo maphuzu uma uhlelo seluvunyelwene ngalo ngaphambilini.
NgoMashi 4, ukutshalwa kwezimali kukaPedro Sánchez kwaba ngeyokuqala kuntando yeningi ukuthi kungaqhubeki: amasekela ayi-131 avotele (PSOE, C's kanye CC) kanye nama-219 ngokumelene (PP, Podemos, ERC, DiL, PNV, Compromís, IU, EHBildu, UPN , FAC kanye PAR).

7 Apreli 2016
Ngemva kwenyanga lapho bobabili i-PSOE kanye ne-Podemos babe nezinkinga zangaphakathi (eyokuqala noSusana Díaz ephusha ingqungquthela okulindeleke ukuba ibe ngoMeyi 8 neyesibili, ngokusula kwabaholi abaningi ngemva kokuxoshwa kukaSergio Pascual, eduze kuka-Íñigo. Errejón), izingxoxo phakathi kwe-PSOE, i-Podemos kanye ne-C ekugcineni zehlulekile. Konke kukhomba okhethweni olusha olubanjwe ngoJuni.

16 Apreli 2016
Ireferendamu ebanjelwe kuma-Podemos ngesivumelwano se-PSOE-C iyaphetha. Embuzweni othi “Ingabe ufuna uhulumeni osekelwe esivumelwaneni phakathi kuka-Rivera no-Sánchez?”, ama-88,23% ebutho lamasosha athi “Cha”, kuyilapho u-11,77% avotele ngokuthi “Yebo”. Embuzweni othi "Ingabe uyavumelana nesiphakamiso sikahulumeni woshintsho yi-Podemos, En Comú ne-En Marea?", I-91,79% iphendule ngokuthi "Yebo", kuyilapho i-8,21% iphendule ngokuthi "Cha". Ngokubamba iqhaza kwe-72,96% yezempi esebenzayo, ama-Podemos asebenzise inhlolovo ukuze enqabe ngokuphelele noma yisiphi isivumelwano esisekelwe kuma-PSOE-C's.
Ngosuku olwedlule, uJosé Manuel Soria, uNgqongqoshe Wezimboni, uzophoqeleka ukuthi esule esikhundleni ngenxa yokuvela kwakhe kulokho okubizwa nge-“Panama Papers.” Umholi we-PP ubezoba nezinkampani “zaphesheya kwezilwandle” eBahamas iminyaka eminingana.

26 Apreli 2016
Umjikelezo wakamuva weSilo sokubonisana uyaphela. I-Compromís ilungiselela idokhumenti enamaphuzu angama-30 ehlose ngayo ukwakha isivumelwano somzuzu wokugcina sikahulumeni we-PSOE-Vamos-IU. I-PSOE yamukela iningi lezinyathelo, kodwa iphakamisa ukuthi uhulumeni kube iminyaka emibili futhi aholwe nguSánchez nabazimele. Ama-Podemo ayawenqaba. Uma kubhekwa lokhu nje, imizamo yokugcina yokubumba uhulumeni ibhuntshile, kwazise iSilo asisho noma ngubani ozongenela iHhovisi likaMengameli.

May 2 we-2016
I-Cortes iyahlakazwa futhi isiShayamthetho se-XI siyaphetha, njengoba sifushane kakhulu kuyo yonke intando yeningi: sathatha izinsuku eziyi-111. Ukhetho Lukazwelonke luka-2016 lubizelwe ngeSonto, Juni 26.

May 9 we-2016

U-Pablo Iglesias no-Alberto Garzón bamemezela kuvidiyo e-Puerta del Sol ukuhlangana kwamaqembu abo (i-Podemos ne-IU, ngokulandelanayo) okhethweni lukazwelonke lwenyanga ezayo. Lesi senzakalo sasizokwenzeka ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa ezingxoxo ezishubile, lapho izinhlolo-vo ezihlangene (kamuva ezabhapathizwa ngokuthi “Unidos Podemos”) zase ziqalile ukushicilelwa.

NgoJuni, 2016
Umkhankaso wokhetho wokhetho lwe-26J waphawulwa isikhalo se-PP evotini eliwusizo lapho kubhekwa abantu abaningi, ukwehluleka kokutshala izimali kukaPedro Sánchez kanye nokwaziwa ngokuthi "sorpasso", isifiso se-Unidos Podemos ukwedlula i-PSOE, okuholela phambili. amaSpanish ahamba. Amavoti adweba isimo lapho i-PP izogcina ukwesekwa, i-Unidos Podemos izodlula i-PSOE futhi ama-C azoncipha noma ehle.

23 Juni ka-2016
Kureferendamu yase-United Kingdom yokuba ngunaphakade kwayo ku-European Union, i-“Brexit” iwina kungazelelwe. Lo mkhankaso wokhetho, obuvele usunamasonto amabili usebenza, uke wanyakaziswa ngemizuzu yokugcina yilo mcimbi.

26 Juni ka-2016

Imiphumela yoKhetho Lukazwelonke luka-2016 ibingalindelekile: i-PP iwina ukhetho ngamavoti angu-33,01% nezihlalo ezingu-137, inyuke ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwamane kanye nezihlalo ezingu-14. Akukho "ukumangala" kumavoti noma ezihlalweni: i-PSOE iphinda yephula umlando wayo futhi iqhubekele ezihlalweni ze-85 ekamelweni, nakuba inyuka ngamaphesenti (22,63%). I-Unidos Podemos igcina izihlalo (71) kodwa ilahlekelwa amavoti angaphezu kwesigidi uma iqhathaniswa nesamba sePodemos, ukuhlangana kwayo kanye ne-Izquierda Unida el 20D (21,15%). Ama-C ehla kancane afinyelela ezihlalweni ezingama-32 futhi alahlekelwe okweshumi okumbalwa, okuhlanganisa amavoti afika ku-13,06%. Amanye amaqembu ngokuvamile asala: I-ERC (9), CDC (8), PNV (5), EHBildu (2) ne-CC (1).
Ubusuku bokhetho bukhuthaza i-PP ka-Mariano Rajoy, egcizelela umfelandawonye omkhulu. U-Pedro Sánchez unikeza inkulumo enethoni ephansi, kodwa eqondiswe kokungeyona i-sorpasso. U-Iglesias ubhekana nobunzima obukhulu futhi u-Rivera uphinde wanikeza ama-C ukuthi akhe uhulumeni.

28 de julio de 2016
Umjikelezo wokuqala wokubonisana we-HM King Felipe VI ngemuva kokhetho lukazwelonke ngoJuni uyaphela. Inkosi ikhetha uMariano Rajoy njengongenele isikhundla sikaMongameli Kahulumeni. Ekuqaleni, u-Albert Rivera unquma ukuthi u-C uyeka "isibopho" futhi avule isimo, futhi unxusa uPedro Sánchez ukuthi enze okufanayo. USánchez uhlala ethi "Cha" kuMariano Rajoy, egcizelela kuyo ngenyanga edlule.

Agasti 2016
Ngemva kokuthi u-Albert Rivera ememezele ngo-Agasti 9 ukuthi oC bazoxoxisana no-PP ngokuthi “Yebo” ku-Mariano Rajoy uma amukela imibandela eyisithupha, ukuxhumana kwaqala ngokusemthethweni ngomhla zingama-22 kuleyo nyanga. Ngomhla zingama-28 kuNcwaba, i-PP kanye ne-C bavala isivumelwano sikahulumeni ngezinyathelo eziyi-150, phakathi kwazo eziyi-100 ezikhona esivumelwaneni se-PSOE-C, ngenhloso yokugqugquzela i-PSOE ukuthi iyeke. Kodwa-ke, njengoba i-Unidos Podemos kanye nabezizwe bevikela, i-PSOE iyaqhubeka ithi "Cha" kuMariano Rajoy.

Agasti 30-Septhemba 2, 2016
Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kukaMariano Rajoy kwenzeka ngo-Agasti 30 no-31 kanye noSepthemba 2 walo nyaka. Phakathi naso, i-PSOE, i-Unidos Podemos kanye namaqembu esizwe aphikelela kokuthi “Cha” ku-Mariano Rajoy, kuyilapho i-PP kanye no-C bezama ukukholisa osocialists ukuthi bangavumi ukuvulela izwe. Kokubili ivoti lokuqala (August 31) nelesibili (September 2) libe nomphumela ofanayo: 170 amasekela avotele ukhetho (PP, C kanye CC) futhi 180 ivoti ngokumelene (PSOE, Unidos Podemos, ERC, PDEC, PNV kanye ne-EHBildu).
Ukuvinjwa kwezepolitiki kweSpain kwaqhubeka ngemuva kokutshala imali. Kusukela lapho kuqhubeke, amathuba okhetho lwesithathu, okuthiwa lubanjwe ngoDisemba 25, 2016, anda kakhulu.

25 September ka-2016
Imiphumela yokhetho oluzimele e-Galicia nasezweni lase-Basque ithinta inqubomgomo yezwe: kuyilapho i-PP iqiniswa ngokuqinisekisa inani eliphelele e-Galicia, i-PSOE ifinyelela ubuncane bayo bomlando emiphakathini emibili. I-Podemos inikeza "i-sorpasso", kodwa e-Galicia ilingana ne-PSdG ezihlalweni futhi e-Basque Country ithola imiphumela ephansi kakhulu kunokulindelekile. U-C akakwazi ukufaka noma yikuphi ukuzimela kokubili.

28 September ka-2016
Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa zokhetho olushubile ku-PSOE, abaholi abangu-18 namalungu obuholi beqembu bethula ukwesula kwabo eFerraz, ngenhloso yokuphoqa ukuba uNobhala Jikelele, uPedro Sánchez esule esikhundleni; Nokho, umholi wangaleso sikhathi wamaSocialists wazivikela ngesihloko esinezincazelo ezihlukahlukene zemithetho.

1 Okthoba ka-2016
I-Federal Committee ye-PSOE yenzeka, ebizwe nguPedro Sánchez ngemuva kokwazi imiphumela ye-25S. Kulindeleke kakhulu ezintathelini namaqembu ahlukene ngenxa yesimo iqembu elizithola likuso ngemuva kokusula kobuholi nokuqhekeka okubonakalayo.
Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa lapho kuthathwa khona amakhefu amaningi, iKomidi liqhuma isiphithiphithi phakathi kwalabo abavuna ukususwa kuka-Sánchez nokufaka imenenja kanye nalabo abavuna ukubamba uKhongolose maphakathi no-Okthoba. Abanye abaholi bezenhlalakahle bashiya iFerraz. Ekugcineni, ivoti lenzeka lapho kuthathwa khona isinqumo phakathi kwamamodeli amabili ahlongozwayo, umphumela ube amavoti ayi-132 ngokumelene nephrojekthi ka-Sánchez uma kuqhathaniswa nangu-107 avuna.
Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, uPedro Sánchez umemezela ukwesula kwakhe njengoNobhala Jikelele we-Spanish Socialist Workers Party. Umphathi ozohola umdlalo kuze kube namuhla ngobusuku obubodwa uyaqala ukuhlanganiswa.

23 Okthoba ka-2016
I-Federal Committee entsha ye-PSOE lapho igunyaza khona ngokusemthethweni ukungahoxisi kweqembu esimisweni sesibili sokutshalwa kwezimali okusha kuka-Mariano Rajoy, okuhlelelwe ukuphela kwenyanga, naphezu kokuthi lesi siphakamiso sinokuphikiswa okuthile okuvela kumalungu athambekele ku-Sánchez. Amanye amasekela, afana nalawo e-PSC, ayala ukungayi ku-PP.

Okthoba 26-29, 2016
Ngo-Okthoba 26, 27 no-29, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesibili kukaMariano Rajoy weSishayamthetho se-XII kwenzeka. Umuntu ozongenela isikhundla sokuba nguMongameli kaHulumeni wethule inkulumo enxusa i-PSOE njengomuntu ongase abe ngumlingani ukuze isishayamthetho sibe yinde. I-PSOE, eyayimelwe ngaleso sikhathi ngu-Antonio Hernando, ivikele ukwenqatshwa kwe-PP evotini lokuqala kanye nokugodla ngenxa "yomthwalo wemfanelo" okwesibili, kodwa yagcizelela ukuthi bazoqhubeka nokuphikisa. Ngasohlangothini lwakhe, u-Iglesias wagxeka kakhulu i-PSOE ngokushiya "Cha kusho Cha" futhi wazibiza ngokuthi ungumholi omusha weqembu eliphikisayo eSpain "de facto", enikezwe ukwesekwa okungaqondile kwama-socialists ku-PP. URivera ubonakale enelisekile ngalesi simo kodwa ukhumbuze i-PP ngesivumelwano abasisayinile kanye nokuhambisana kwayo okuyimpoqo.
Ivoti lokuqala, elenziwa ngo-Okthoba 27, lathola umphumela ofanayo ngesikhathi uRajoy eqala ukutshala izimali ngalowo nyaka: amavoti angu-170 avuna (PP, C kanye neCC) kanye ne-180 ngokumelene (i-PSOE, i-Unidos Podemos, i-ERC, i-PDEC, i-PNV ne-EHBildu) .
Kodwa-ke, eyesibili (ngomhla zingama-29 kuMfumfu) yayiyingqophamlando ngenxa yokwehlukana kweQembu LePhalamende LamaSocialist evotini nokuba, ngokumangalisayo, yiyona enamavoti ambalwa kakhulu ngokumelene nentando yeningi: amasekela angu-170 avotele ngokuvumelana (PP, C kanye CC ), 111 ngokumelene (i-Unidos Podemos, amasekela angu-16 avela ku-PSOE, ERC, PDEC, PNV kanye ne-EHBildu) kanye nokugodla okungu-68 (konke kuvela ku-PSOE, okunye “ngokuphoqeleka”).
Ngemuva kokutshalwa kwezimali, uMariano Rajoy uphinde waqokwa njengoMongameli kaHulumeni waseSpain, oqeda izinsuku ezingama-314 zikahulumeni ehhovisi kanye nokuvinjwa kwezepolitiki nezikhungo.

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Isiphetho somuntu siqu-[Umbono othize]

Ukhetho Lukazwelonke lwango-2015 kungenzeka kube wukhetho oluyingqophamlando, olunomthelela futhi oluwujuqu kakhulu kuleli khulu leminyaka e-Spain. Angingabazi ukuthi ukhetho olujwayelekile lwe-2004, 2011 kanye nokhetho lwaseYurophu lwe-2014 lwaluyisihluthulelo ngokulinganayo ekuqondeni isimo namuhla, kodwa ngokwami ​​​​ngiqinisekile ukuthi i-20D yayibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba inhlekelele yesistimu yamaqembu amabili yahlanganiswa. kanye nokuvela kwamaqembu amabili ezombusazwe amasha ezingeni likazwelonke, i-Podemos ne-Ciudadanos.

Ukuwa kwe-PP, PSOE, IU kanye ne-UPyD nakho kumelele ukuphela kwesiteji sepolitiki yaseSpain. Endabeni ye-PP, ukuwa kwaba kukhulu kunalokho kwe-PSOE esikhathini sika-2008-11, kwafinyelela emazingeni angu-1989. I-PSOE, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, yaphula indawo yayo yokhetho ngezihlalo ezingu-90. Izquierda Unida yawa ngenxa push of Podemos. I-UPyD yona, yanyamalala ebhodini lezepolitiki ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa zezingxoxo ezingaphumelelanga nabakwaC, ababezomunca iningi labavoti bayo. Imiphumela yokhetho lukazwelonke ngeke iqondwe ngaphandle kokubuyela ezindabeni zayo; Nokho, ukwenza lokhu, kufanele sibuyele emuva eminyakeni eminingana (kanye nokhetho lukazwelonke).

Ngo-May 2011, phakathi nezinyanga zokugcina zikahulumeni waseZapatero, kwavela inhlangano, ngokusho kokuvota, ukuzwelana okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili: i-15M, noma i-Movement of the Indignados. Kwaqala njengohambo olulula lokumisa amatende ePuerta del Sol, kodwa, njengoba izinyanga zazidlula, lwaluzogcina luholela emibuthanweni yansuku zonke lapho kwakuzodingidwa khona imibono ehlukahlukene yezombangazwe. Kuzoba ngoNovemba 20, 2011 lapho u-Mariano Rajoy ewina ukhetho ngeningi eliphelele kunalelo elizuzwe ngu-José María Aznar ngo-2000: izihlalo eziyi-186 zadaywa ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuCongress.

UMariano Rajoy ukwazile ukuhlala iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili eqenjini eliphikisayo, kwaze kwaba yilapho ehlangabezana nokuqhuma kwebhamuza lezindlu ezithengiswayo kanye nenkinga yezomnotho nezezimali emhlabeni wonke eyaqala ngo-2008 futhi yenqatshwa izikhathi eziningana nguMongameli kaHulumeni wangaleso sikhathi, uJosé Luis Rodríguez Zapatero. . Lokho kwahlanganisa lonke ilungelo laseSpain lokuthemba uMariano Rajoy njengomholi olandelayo wezwe. Nokho, ngokushesha waqala ukwehluleka ukuhambisana namaphuzu ohlelweni lwakhe. KwakunguZibandlela wezi-2011, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje ngemva kokugcotshwa njengoMongameli, lapho uhulumeni we-PP ememezela ukuncishiswa okukhulu emlandweni waseSpain kanye nokwenyuka kwezintela phakathi nenkinga yezomnotho eyaya iba yimbi kakhulu eSpain. Inhloso yakho konke lokhu bekuwukugwema ukutakulwa okusha obekuzoshiya iSpain onqenqemeni lokuqothuka.

URajoy ubeyisisulu sezimfuno zaseBrussels, kumele kushiwo konke, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi wayeka ukuqamba amanga kubavoti bakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuncishiswa okugqame kakhulu kube Kwezemfundo Nezempilo, okuyizifundo ezimbili ezibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezwe. Ukunciphisa iMfundo kungasho ukunciphisa izinga lemfundo, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, nokuthuthukiswa kobuhlakani babantu abazohola izwe esikhathini esizayo. Ukunciphisa Ezempilo kungasho ukudala imigqa emide egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo lapho ukunakekelwa kwakudingeka kakhulu.

Akuphelelanga lapho. Unyaka wezi-2013 kwaba unyaka lapho konke kwakuzolunga khona ngoshintsho lwezombusazwe olwaluzokwenzeka ngonyaka olandelayo, okhethweni lwase-Europe. Icala lase-Bárcenas lalingelinye elashaqisayo neliphakeme kakhulu emlandweni wezwe ngoba, ngokwalokho okwashiwo umgcinimafa wangaphambili we-PP (kanye nemibhalo ethile ayinikeza njengobufakazi), iqembu likahulumeni lalizoba ne-B accounting. kusukela ohulumeni base-Aznar. Lokho kwasho ukuthi, futhi, ukwehla kwamaphesenti e-PP okhethweni, nokho, aqhubeka nokuba ngowokuqala kuwo ngenxa yokuphusha kancane kwe-PSOE (ebisathwele ukuphikwa kwezinkinga zomnotho). Ayikho i-IU noma i-UPyD engakwazi ngisho nokuthola i-PSOE okhethweni, naphezu kokwanda kwabo okucacile kusukela okhethweni olwedlule, olwabikezela uhlelo lwamaqembu amane esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.

Ekupheleni kuka-2013, amaqembu ezombusazwe amaningi anda ngenxa yokunganeliseki kwabantu ngohulumeni wamanje kanye nesigaba sezombusazwe, uma sikhuluma kabanzi. I-Ciudadanos, iqembu kuze kube yileso sikhathi elibalulekile lesiCatalan (kanye nokuba khona kwedlanzana ePhalamende), linqume ukungenela Ukhetho LwaseYurophu lwango-2014 ezingeni likazwelonke, ngenhloso yokuthola ukumelwa kwephalamende. Amaqembu afana ne-PACMA (ebeseneminyaka ikhona) noma i-Vox (eyasungulwa ekuqaleni kuka-2014) avele eqinile okhethweni lokuqala. I-Podemos nayo yasungulwa ekuqaleni kuka-2014, futhi iyona eyayizophawula lesi sizukulwane esisha samaqembu ngoba babethathwa njengezindlalifa ze-15M ngenxa yezinhlobo zayo nokuphambana kwayo ekuqaleni kwayo. NgoMeyi 25, 2014, yini kamuva eyayizoba isigaba esisha sezombangazwe zaseSpain: i-PP kanye ne-PSOE ayizange sumarngamavoti angama-50%; I-IU ne-UPyD azizange zihlangabezane nalokho ebezikulindele. I-Podemos kanye no-C bathola ukumelwa ephalamende (iqembu lokuqala elibeka iqembu lesine ezingeni likazwelonke) nabanye abafana noVox bahlala besondelene kakhulu nalo. Umphakathi waseSpain wawukhulumile.

Okunye umlando. Ama-Podemos anda phakathi nezinyanga ezalandela aze afinyelela iziqongo zohlolo phakathi kokuphela kuka-2014 nasekuqaleni kuka-15', lapho umqondo wokwehlukahlukana waqala ukufiphala ezinkulumweni zabo futhi balahlekelwa ukwethembeka. I-Ciudadanos yavela ngokuqinile "njengeqembu lesine" ezinyangeni ezilandelayo, ngemuva kokuhluleka kwezingxoxo phakathi kweqembu lika-Rivera neqembu lika-Díez. Ukhetho lwesifunda lwango-2015 lwalungolunye uphawu lokuthi lesi simo asizange sibuyele emuva, futhi, ngoSepthemba 27 walowo nyaka, uCiudadanos wakwazi ukuba ngumholi weqembu eliphikisayo eCatalonia. Ngakho-ke, izinyanga ezingaphambi kuka-20D kwakuyizinhlolovo ezingenangqondo ezazobikezela, njengoba nje kwakuzokwenzeka ngaphambi kuka-26J, izimo ezingabonakali ekugcineni.

Ngaphandle kwalokho esengikushilo esigabeni esandulele salesi sihloko, esesiqala ukuba side, esiye sabhekana nakho kulo nyaka kuzoba ngesinye sezigaba ezingakaze zibonwe emlandweni wezepolitiki zaseSpain: sibone izinhlolovo ezingenakubalwa ezivezile. izimo ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ezinsukwini zangaphambi kuka-20D kuya kulezo esizihlaziye ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, nokwehluleka ngezinga elikhulu; Sibonile ukuthi amaqembu asafufusa, njenge-Podemos kanye ne-Ciudadanos, alahlekelwe kanjani ubusha nobusha futhi asefana nawo wonke amehlo eningi labantu. Sibonile ukuthi la maqembu ezepolitiki asebhekana kanjani nezinkinga zangaphakathi ezikhubaza umbono womphakathi ngawo kakhulu, uma kungenzeka. Sikubonile ukuhoxa kwe-PSOE kutshalo-mali lwe-PP, into ebingeke ilindelwe kuze kube muva nje. Sikubonile ukukhethwa kabusha kuka-Mariano Rajoy, owayenguMongameli Kahulumeni ngesikhathi seSishayamthetho se-XNUMX futhi okwakungaba nesinye sezilinganiso zokuduma eziphansi kakhulu emlandweni.

Siye saphinde sabona, ngamafuphi, ukungaqondi kwabantu baseSpain engxenyeni yesigaba sezombangazwe sezwe labo. Kodwa kungenzeka, futhi kuphela, ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa konke kuzoshintsha futhi umphakathi waseSpain ekugcineni uzothola uhulumeni oqondayo futhi olwela abantu bawo. Uhulumeni ofanele ukumela abantu baseSpain. Futhi lowo hulumeni, ngokubona kwami, ngeke kube owanoma yimaphi amaqembu amakhulu kuleli lizwe namuhla.

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