[UMBONO] Inkohliso yokushoda kokuvumelana nezimo kwemakethe yezabasebenzi yase-Spain.

[isihloko ngu-liber_all]

Flexible: RAE 3. adj. Lokho akukho ngaphansi kwemithetho eqinile, izimfundiso noma izithiyo.

Kujwayeleke kakhulu ukuthi abantu, ikakhulukazi labo abazibiza ngama-liberal, babheke ngokuguquguqukayo ohlakeni lwezomthetho olungenazo izithiyo nemithethonqubo yokuqasha nokuxosha abasebenzi yizinkampani ezizimele.

Uma laba bantu bekhuluma ngokuqina njengembangela yokungasebenzi kwesakhiwo, abasitshela kona ukuthi uhlaka lwezomthetho lwase-Spain lunomkhawulo mayelana nokuqasha noma ukudubula.

Ukuvumelana nezimo: Ikhono lokuzivumelanisa kalula nezimo ezihlukahlukene noma ukujwayela izindinganiso ezimweni ezihlukahlukene noma izidingo.

Iqiniso liwukuthi imakethe yezabasebenzi yaseSpain ivumelana nezimo, umphumela wezinguquko eziningana ezenziwe eminyakeni engama-35 edlule. Namuhla, umqashi angadubula ngaphandle kwesizathu noma isizathu esingaphezu kwesifiso esilula sokwenza kanjalo futhi angaqasha ngisho nehora elilodwa. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinkontileka ezivumelana cishe nazo zonke izimo lapho isisebenzi singaba khona, singaqasha unomphela kodwa izikhathi ezingaqhubeki, singaqasha kuphela ukwenza umsebenzi noma isevisi, ukuvala esinye isisebenzi, isikhathi esithile. .enqume ukuthi kungaba ngisho usuku olulodwa, isikhathi esingaziwa,  kukhona ngisho nezimo ezikhethekile zabasebenzi abaqeqeshelwa umsebenzi noma izinkontileka zokuqeqesha.

Kwenzeka okufanayo nasekuxoshweni, umqashi angaxosha noma nini futhi ngaphandle kwezizathu zokuthi athole isinxephezelo esimane sengezwe ezindlekweni zesisebenzi. Lesi sinxephezelo besilokhu sincipha ngoshintsho ngalunye futhi kukhona nezimo lapho sinyamalala khona noma sincipha nakakhulu. Lokhu kuyindaba yokuxoshwa kwezigwegwe noma ukuxoshwa ngezizathu eziqondile.

Ngakho, umthetho wezabasebenzi uvumelana nezimo kakhulu, uzivumelanisa kalula nezimo, izimo noma izidingo ezihluke kakhulu.

Umbuzo olandelayo ungaba ukuthi, ingabe ukuguquguquka kusebenze ukuqeda ukungasebenzi kwesakhiwo? Impendulo ngokusobala iyimbi njengoba siyibona nsuku zonke. Siyabona ukuthi bekunjani esikhathini esidlule.

Izinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu zezabasebenzi zikhonjiswe ngokubomvu:

9 Okthoba ka-1984

I-CEO, i-UGT kanye noHulumeni weSocialist basayine Isivumelwano Sezomnotho Nezenhlalakahle ngenhloso yokukhuthaza ukuqashwa kwabe sekuthathwa isinqumo sokuthi kuvulwe iminyango yokuqashwa kwetoho.

http://elpais.com/diario/1984/10/10/economia/466210807_850215.html

13 Juni ka-1994

Kwakuyinguquko yezemisebenzi eqine kakhulu emakethe yezabasebenzi yaseSpain, eyakhuthazwa uHulumeni wezenhlalakahle ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwezinyunyana.

Izinyathelo ezintsha zazimele ukuxegiswa kwemithethonqubo yezivumelwano zokuxoxisana ngokuhlanganyela. Izinkampani zanikezwa ithuluzi elisha, nokwanda kwezimbangela zokuxoshwa ngenxa yezizathu zobuchwepheshe noma zezomnotho ze-force majeure, futhi ukuhamba okusebenzayo nokuma kwezwe kwamukelwa ngezizathu zobuchwepheshe, zenhlangano nezomnotho. Kwasungulwa inkontileka entsha yokufunda, eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-junk contract, elawula ama-ejensi okuqashwa kwesikhashana (ETT).

http://elpais.com/diario/1994/06/14/economia/771544808_850215.html

28 Apreli 1997

I-CEOE kanye nezinhlangano zabaqashi ze-CEPYME kanye nezinyunyana ze-UGT ne-CCOO zisayine Isivumelwano Sokusimama Kokuqashwa Nokuxoxisana Ngokuhlanganyela, esizosebenza iminyaka emine. Lesi sivumelwano sahlukaniswa saba izingxenye ezintathu: izinyathelo zokulwa nokuqashwa okuyingozi, ukuguqulwa kwezingxoxo ezihlangene kanye nokumbozwa kwamagebe okulawula. Ukuvumelana kwaholela enkontilekeni entsha engapheli enenkokhelo ephansi yokuyeka umsebenzi (izinsuku ezingu-33 uma ziqhathaniswa nezingu-45 ezisebenzayo). Ukuqasha unomphela kushibhe

http://elpais.com/diario/1997/04/29/economia/862264820_850215.html

Ukulandelana kwezikhathi okuphelele kungatholakala lapha http://economia.elpais.com/economia/2010/06/15/actualidad/1276587186_850215.html

Uchungechunge oluhlanganisa igrafu lubuyela emuva ku-2004 kodwa sonke siyayazi leyo ndaba. Ukwanda okunesihluku kokuntuleka kwemisebenzi kanye noshintsho olusha lwezabasebenzi olwenziwe yi-Zapatero ngo-2009 olungazange luvimbele ukuqashwa ukuthi uqhubeke nokucekelwa phansi ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu iminyaka emi-3 eyengeziwe.

I-6 March ka-2009

UMkhandlu Wongqongqoshe ugunyazwe yi-Decree-Law izinyathelo ezingajwayelekile eziyisithupha zokulondoloza nokukhushulwa kokuqashwa kanye nokuvikelwa kwabantu abangasebenzi uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi lezi ziphakamiso bese zidingidwe ngokwanele etafuleni lezingxoxo zomphakathi.

http://elpais.com/diario/2009/03/07/economia/1236380402_850215.html

Isifinyezo saleyo minyaka engama-35 siwumzamo oqhubekayo wokusiza ukuxoshwa nokuqashwa, izinyathelo ezingaqondile zokukhuthaza ukuqashwa njengokuncishiswa kweminikelo, izinyathelo zokuqukatha amaholo, njll. Ngamafuphi, ukwandisa ukuguquguquka.

Kodwa-ke, asikwazi ukuthokozela ubudlelwano obuyimbangela phakathi kwalezi zinyathelo kanye nokuncipha kokuntuleka kwemisebenzi; akukaze kwenzeke ukuthi ukuthambekela kunqamuke futhi ngemuva kweminyaka engama-35 yokuguquguquka, ukungasebenzi kwesakhiwo kuyinto eqhubekayo emnothweni waseSpain futhi umthamo wokuqashwa uzwela kakhulu ukukhula komnotho.

Ngakho-ke akunangqondo ukugcizelela ukuthi kube nokuguquguquka okwengeziwe kokuxazulula inkinga lapho isipiliyoni seminyaka engu-35 sisibonise ukuthi izenzo ezinjalo azisizi ngalutho.

Lapha kuyadingeka ukucacisa okuthile, isihloko esithi "inkohliso yokuntuleka kokuguquguquka kwemakethe yezabasebenzi yaseSpain" iyiqiniso ngokwengxenye ngoba ibhekisela kuphela kulokho iningi labantu elikuqondayo ngokuthi "ukuguquguquka", okuyilokho okuye kwaba khona. ukhulume ngakho kuze kube manje. Kodwa lokhu kubhekisela kuphela ekuguquguqukeni kwangaphandle, ngokusobala okukhona emakethe lapho imisebenzi eyizigidi ezingu-2 ingacekelwa phansi futhi idalwe kabusha eminyakeni engu-6 nje kuphela, futhi akucabangi ukuguquguquka kwangaphakathi, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu futhi lapho kungaba imbangela yangempela. yokuntuleka kwemisebenzi okuphindelelayo.

Ngincoma ukufunda lokhu, akukude futhi kuqondile. Kulo mbhalo ngikhipha imibono elandelayo.

https://www.uam.es/otros/jaeet13/comunicaciones/14_Macroeconomia_y_MT1/Lebrancon_Nieto.pdf

Esikubona kuthebula negrafu inani lamahora asetshenzwe umsebenzi ngamunye kanye nokwehluka kwamahora asetshenzwe esikhathini sika-2007 - 2011, phakathi nenhlekelele.

Ngonyaka wezi-2007/2008 isimo sanqamuka futhi ngesikhathi senhlekelele ukwanda kokuntuleka kwemisebenzi kodwa amahora asetshenzwa ngomsebenzi ngamunye anda, ngokungafani neningi lamazwe e-OECD. Lokhu kukhombisa isici semakethe yezemisebenzi yaseSpain, iyakwazi ukucekela phansi nokudala imisebenzi ngokushesha kodwa ayisebenzi kahle kakhulu ekusabalaliseni umsebenzi.

Ngezansi izinga lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi nokuqagelwa okubili lapho kugcinwa khona umthwalo wokusebenza kanye nenani labantu abasebenzayo kodwa inkambiso yokwehla kwamahora asetshenziwe iyaqhubeka.

Kepha kungani amandla omnotho waseSpain okusabalalisa umsebenzi elinganiselwe kangaka?

Isizathu esisodwa singatholakala esikalini sebhizinisi.

Ake sithi sizama ukusabalalisa umsebenzi othile phakathi kwenani elithile labasebenzi. Inkampani izodinga abasebenzi abangama-51 kowokuqala ongelona iqiniso kanye nabangu-17 kweyesibili, ukuze ikwazi ukukhulisa abasebenzi bayo ngesisebenzi esisha. Lo msebenzi wenziwa kucatshangwa ukuthi inkampani ayikwazi ukushintsha inani layo eliphelele lomsebenzi nokuthi bonke abasebenzi bayeka ngesikhathi esifanayo kuze kube yilapho isikhundla esisha sinikezwa isimiso esifana nesabo. Inhlanganisela yezikhundla ezinomthwalo ohlukahlukene wokusebenza akucatshangwa lapha. Kwi-counterfactual yokuqala, ngesilinganiso sosuku lokusebenza lwamahora angama-33,8, abasebenzi abangama-52 sumarKwakuyinani eliphelele lamahora njengamanye angama-51 ngosuku lwangempela: amahora ayi-1.756. Kwi-counterfactual yesibili, abasebenzi abangu-18 ngamahora angu-32 nesigamu bazofinyelela umthwalo wokusebenza ofanayo no-17 ku-35,4: amahora angu-585 ngesonto. Ngo-2011 eSpain, phakathi kuka-6 no-6,5% kuphela wezinkampani ezinezisebenzi ezazinabasebenzi abalingana noma abangaphezu kwabangu-17. Amafemu anabasebenzi abangaphezu kuka-50 abembalwa nakakhulu: amaphesenti angu-1,7 kuphela. Kumele kubhekwe ukuthi ama-55% ezinkampani bekungabanikazi bazo zodwa ngo-2011, ngakho-ke bezingenabo abasebenzi, nokuthi eminyakeni edlule yokwanda leli phesenti alikaze lehle libe ngaphansi kwama-51%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumafemu anabasebenzi, cishe ama-80% azo anezisebenzi ezingabantu aba-5 noma ngaphansi. Lezi zilinganiso zikhawulela kakhulu ikhono lezinkampani lokusabalalisa kabusha umsebenzi wazo ngaphakathi.

Eqinisweni, ubukhulu bezinkampani, udaba olukhohliwe ngokuphelele, ludlula inkinga yokuguquguquka kwabasebenzi futhi luhlobene kakhulu nokukhiqiza, ukutshalwa kwezimali ku-R & D, ukuthambekela kokuthekelisa, konke okuyiziphambeko zomnotho waseSpain uma kuqhathaniswa nemvelo.

Enye itholakala emphakathini wamabhizinisi.

Ukusebenzisa kwabaqashi izinkontileka zesikhashana kanye namanye amafomula angaphakathi okuvumelana nezimo, okusho ukwabiwa okuhlukile kwesikhathi nomthwalo womsebenzi, kungase kukhawulwe ngenxa yezizathu ezintathu. Esokuqala sisho umkhuba noma isiko lapho umsebenzi wetoho ujwayelekile emikhakheni ethile, imisebenzi namaqembu.

Isizathu sesibili sihlobene nokuba lula nokubala nokusebenzisa ukuxoshwa njengendlela yokulungisa. Uma umqashi kufanele ehlise umthwalo womsebenzi noma isamba somholo, kulula kakhulu futhi kuyashesha kakhulu ukuvumela inkontileka yesikhashana iphelelwe yisikhathi noma axoshe isisebenzi esisodwa noma ngaphezulu kunokuba aqale ukubala kabusha amahora namaholo ukuze kugcinwe abasebenzi benjalo.

Isizathu sesithathu sihlobene nalesi sakamuva. Amathuba okuxoshwa angaba nomthelela wokujezisa abasebenzi.

Ezimbili zalezi zizathu ezintathu zihlobene nokubili kwemakethe yezabasebenzi, okubili okudalwe ngokuzenzisa ngomthetho futhi okubandakanya ezinye izinkinga ezinjengokuzungeza ngokweqile kanye nakho ukuntuleka kobuchwepheshe, umuzwa obuthakathaka wenyunyana phakathi kwesisebenzi nenkampani yakhe, njll.

Sengiphetha, uma ukuguquguquka sekukhethiwe njengembangela/isixazululo sokuntuleka kwemisebenzi (ngokusobala akusona ukuphela kwesici okufanele sicatshangelwe, sizoyishiya indaba yamaholo aphansi ukuze sithole okunye ukungena) kufanele sigxile ezinyathelweni ezikhuthaza ukuguquguquka kwangaphakathi, ikakhulukazi ngezimo ezihloselwe ukukhulisa usayizi wezinkampani kanye nokulungisa ama-botches asemthethweni abangele ubumbano lwemakethe yezemisebenzi ngaphandle kwalokhu okusho ukuncishiswa kokuvikelwa kokuqashwa (okuvele kuyindlala impela).