Noma yini eyenzeka ngo-28A, i-d'Hont ngeke ibe necala

Ukhetho lukazwelonke luzobanjwa mhla zingama-28. sizokhetha 350 amasekela futhi i indawo yokhetho yiyona isifundazwe.

Ngakho-ke into yokuqala ukusabalalisa amasekela angama-350 ezifundazweni ezahlukene. Kwenziwa kanjani? ¿Zingaki ezihambelana nenye ngayinye?? Into enengqondo kungaba ukuwasakaza ngokulingana nenani labantu bawo. Hhayi-ke. Ngaphambi kokwaba izihlalo ngokwesibalo sabantu, amasekela “ezipho” amabili abekelwe isifundazwe ngasinye, kanye nekaCeuta nenye ekaMelilla. Lokhu kusinikeza amasekela ayi-102 asatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ezifundazweni. Ngale ndlela, basazoklonyeliswa 248 amasekela lokho yebo abiwa ngokulinganayo ngokwesibalo sabantu. Uma lokhu sekwenziwe, iMadrid, ngokwesibonelo, ithola amasekela angama-37 (ama-2 anomphela kanye nama-35 kubantu bakhona), kanye ne-Soria 2 (ama-2 ahlala unomphela futhi alikho kubantu bakhona).

Umphumela wale nqubo ukuthi izifundazwe ezinabantu abambalwa kakhulu ziyazuza. Lokhu kulimaza ukulingana kohlelo lwethu lokhetho: zisuka nje, iphesenti lamavoti ezingeni likazwelonke ngeke lihambisane nephesenti lezihlalo, ngoba iSoria, iTeruel noma iGuadalajara inesisindo esingaphezu kwalokho obekuzohambisana nabo, kuyilapho iMadrid, iBarcelona. noma uMálaga banokuncane. Kukhona I umehluko ocacile phakathi kwenani lamasekela ngubani Kufanele isifundazwe ngasinye uma sisebenzela abantu bakhona kanye nalowo onakho ngempela:

Lokhu kuhlanekezela Ayihlangene nesistimu ye-d'Hondt. Kuhlobene nokuthi besinikeza amasekela amabili esifundazweni ngasinye noma ngabe akekho noyedwa owahlala kwesinye sawo.

Uma isibalo samasekela sesabelwe, amaqembu aveza uhlu lwawo. E-Barcelona, uhlu olunamagama angama-32. E-Teruel, eyodwa ena-3. Ziyizinhlu ezivaliwe, okusho ukuthi, abavoti bavota njengebhulokhi futhi abakwazi ukweqa noma ukubeka phambili noma ubani, ingasaphathwa eyokukhetha amakhandidethi ohlwini olubili oluhlukene. Uvotela uhlu lweqembu hhayi okunye. Uma lawo mavoti esephonsiwe, abalwa futhi Amasekela asatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke amaqembu adlula u-3% wamavoti avumelekile kuleso sifunda.

Kunephutha lapha! Kuyini lokhu mayelana nokusabalalisa “ngokulinganayo”? Sijwayele ukufunda emaphephandabeni ukuthi eSpain okuthiwa umthetho d'Hondt. Futhi wonke umuntu ucabanga ukuthi a umthetho kancane kakhulu ngokulingana. Akunjalo?

Ngokusho kwe-d'Hondt evamile, kweyokuqala ohlwini eqenjini ngalinye esifundazweni ngasinye wonke amavoti ayabelwe ezibekwe ngokuvuna lelo qembu. Eyesibili, ingxenye. Kweyesithathu, okwesithathu. Njalo njalo, izikhathi eziningi njengoba isifundazwe sinamasekela. Ngakho-ke uma iqembu lithole amavoti angu-100.000 eMadrid, elesibili ohlwini lwalo kuqondwe ukuthi lithole angu-50.000, elesithathu lithole angu-33.333 kanti eleshumi, 10.000. Ngakho, bonke abangenele ukhetho kuzo zonke izinhlu banganikezwa inani elithile lamavoti. Okulandelayo, osekusele wukuqoka amasekela kulaba abathathu, noma abayisishiyagalombili, noma abangamashumi amathathu nesikhombisa abanamavoti amaningi (njengoba amasekela amaningi akhethwa kuleso sifundazwe).

Ziningi ezinye izindlela zokuzama ukusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo, kodwa zizohlala zinikeza umphumela ofanayo noma ofanayo nale nqubo. Umthetho we-d'Hont ulungile, futhi amavoti amaqembu amancane awahambi “emgqomeni” ngenxa yawo: alahlekile ngoba azikho izihlalo ezanele zokusabalalisa.

Ngakho, inkinga akuyona i-d'Hondt. Inkinga ukuthi sinezifundazwe eziningi ezinamasekela ambalwa kulelo nalelo. Uma sifuna ukuzuza ukulingana okuhle izifunda kuzomele zakhelwe ngamasekela ayishumi noma ngaphezulu, noma sungula uhlu olulodwa oluyisinxephezelo ezingeni likahulumeni, noma unike amandla “izihlalo ezengeziwe” ukuze unxephezele lokhu kungafani, noma… wenze enye into. Kodwa, inqobo nje uma sinezifunda ezincane kangaka, amavoti amaningi azoqhubeka nokungena “kudoti.” Nge-d'Hondt futhi ngaphandle kwe-d'Hondt.

Kuze kube lolu khetho, i abanenhlanhla yangempela ngohlelo bebelokhu bobabili amaqembu amakhulu ezingeni likazwelonke (labo abathole amavoti angaphezu kuka-25%), kuyilapho iningi konakele yiwo amaqembu amancane avela kulo lonke elaseSpain (labo abathola ngaphansi kuka-10% wamavoti). Kulesi senzakalo, uma kukhona amaqembu amaningi okungenzeka futhi amaphesenti ayalingana, imiphumela nayo izolingana, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwabanye kwezinye izifundazwe kuzonxeshezelwa nokwabanye kwezinye ... ngaphandle uma kukhona ovelele. , oyogxilisa umusa wakhe engxenyeni enkulu yezinzuzo, lokho abaningi abakubiza ngokungafanele ngokuthi “izinsalela.”

Ngokuqondene ne amaqembu esifunda, imiphumela yayo ilingana kakhulu. Ngokujwayelekile lolu hlelo luvuna bona uma behamba phambili ezifundazweni zabo, lubalahlekisele uma bephuma kweyesithathu noma yesine. Kodwa-ke noma ngabe yikuphi, ukuchezuka abakuvezayo kuncane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokwamaqembu esizwe, okuyilapho inkinga ilele khona ngempela. Naphezu kwalokho okuvame ukushiwo, Uhlelo lokhetho lwaseSpain alubeki phambili amaqembu obuzwe.

Ekugcineni, umthetho wethu usungula a 3% ubuncane be-threshold ukuze kucatshangelwe uhlu ekwabiweni kwezihlalo esifundazweni. Lona umkhawulo kunalokho zokuhlobisa: e-Madrid nase-Barcelona kuphela lapho iqembu elinamavoti angaphansi kuka-3% lilahlekelwa ummeleli ngenxa yalo mkhawulo.